{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:49:33Z","timestamp":1791388173403,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]],"date-time":"1998-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":907200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the common housefly, the presence or absence of a male-determining factor, M, is responsible for sex determination. In different strains, M has been found on the Y, on the X, or on any of the five autosomes. By analyzing a Y-autosomal translocation and a ring-shaped, truncated Y chromosome, we could show that M on the Y consists of at least two regions with M activity: One of them can be assigned to the short arm of the Y chromosome (MYS), which is largely C-banding negative, the other region lies on the C-banding positive long arm of the Y, including the centromeric part (MYL). Each region alone behaves as a hypomorphic M factor, causing many carriers to develop as intersexes of the mosaic type instead of as males. When introduced into the female germ line by transplantation of progenitor germ cells (pole cells), the MYS shows an almost complete maternal effect that predetermines 96% of the genotypic female (NoM) animals to develop as males. In contrast, the MYL has largely lost its maternal effect, and most of the NoM animals develop as females. Increasing the amount of product made by either of the two hypomorphic M factors (by combining the MYS and MYL or two MYS) leads to complete male development in almost every case. We thus assume that the Y chromosome carries at least two copies of M, and that these are functionally equivalent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/150.2.651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T02:32:13Z","timestamp":1619577133000},"page":"651-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Male-Determining Activity on the Y Chromosome of the Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Consists of Separable Elements"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Hediger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Z\u00fcrich-Irchel, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane Denise","family":"Minet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Miescher-Institute, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Z\u00fcrich-Irchel, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regula","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Z\u00fcrich-Irchel, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Hilfiker-Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical University of Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015e\u00fckran","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Tr-06110 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"N\u00f6thiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Z\u00fcrich-Irchel, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"D\u00fcbendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Z\u00fcrich-Irchel, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010310531419300_R1","volume-title":"Drosophila: A Laboratory Handbook.","author":"Ashburner","year":"1989"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00121368","article-title":"The distribution of males having XY and XX chromosomes in housefly populations (Diptera: Muscidae) of Turkey","volume":"98","author":"\u00c7akir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90027-1","article-title":"The interaction between daughterless and Sex-lethal in triploids: a lethal sex-transforming maternal effect linking sex determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"95","author":"Cline","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/107.2.231","article-title":"Autoregulatory functioning of a Drosophila gene product that establishes and maintains the sexually determined state","volume":"107","author":"Cline","year":"1984","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300021790","article-title":"Identification of a male determinant on the X chromosome of housefly (Musca domestica) populations in south-east England","volume":"42","author":"Denholm","year":"1983","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1086\/280220","article-title":"The reproductive system of triploid intersexes in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"62","author":"Dobzhansky","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/150.1.221","article-title":"The female-determining gene F of the housefly, Musca domestica, acts maternally to regulate its own zygotic activity","volume":"150","author":"D\u00fcbendorfer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R8","first-page":"349","article-title":"Sex determination mechanisms in dipteran insects: the case of Musca domestica","volume":"3","author":"D\u00fcbendorfer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1992.94","article-title":"Mitotic and salivary gland chromosome analysis in the Musca domestica L. (house fly) (Diptera: Muscidae)","volume":"69","author":"El Agoze","year":"1992","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R10","first-page":"393","article-title":"Genetics of Musca domestica L. Mutants, inheritance and cytology","volume":"13","author":"Franco","year":"1966","journal-title":"Symp. Genet. Biol. Ital."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.3.813","article-title":"Sex determination in the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster: activation of the gene Sex-lethal","volume":"118","author":"Granadino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.14.120180.000545","article-title":"Transposable elements in Drosophila and other diptera","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s004120050307","article-title":"Distribution of heterochromatin on the mitotic chromosomes of Musca domestica L. in relation to the activity of male-determining factors.","author":"Hediger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.4.1187","article-title":"Developmental analysis of two sex-determining genes, M and F, in the housefly, Musca domestica","volume":"134","author":"Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.9.2531","article-title":"Genetic control of sex determination in the germ line and soma of the housefly, Musca domestica","volume":"120","author":"Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/50.3.373","article-title":"Sex-limited inheritance and abnormal sex ratio in strains of the housefly","volume":"50","author":"Hiroyoshi","year":"1964","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.52.275","article-title":"Some new mutants and revised linkage maps of the housefly, Musca domestica L","volume":"52","author":"Hiroyoshi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R18","first-page":"434","article-title":"On the IM chromosome of the housefly","volume":"54","author":"Hiroyoshi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.57.221","article-title":"A male-determining factor of autosome I and occurrence of male-recombination in the housefly, Musca domestica L","volume":"57","author":"Inoue","year":"1982","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/112.3.469","article-title":"A maternal-effect sex-transformation mutant of the house fly, Musca domestica L","volume":"112","author":"Inoue","year":"1986","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.61.119","article-title":"Location of fourth chromosomal male-determining factors of the housefly, Musca domestica","volume":"61","author":"Inoue","year":"1986","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00368348","article-title":"The sex determining region of Chironomus thummi is associated with highly repetitive DNA and transposable elements","volume":"102","author":"Kraemer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/21686351.1968.12277987","article-title":"Morphologie compar\u00e9e de la r\u00e9gion g\u00e9nitale des intersexu\u00e9s triplo\u00efdes de Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"4","author":"Laug\u00e9","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00898296","article-title":"Die Geschlechtsbestimmung bei Megaselia scalaris Loew (Phoridae)","volume":"98","author":"Mainx","year":"1966","journal-title":"Z. Vererbungsl."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/71.5.692","article-title":"House fly genetics: Isolation of a female determining factor on chromosome 4","volume":"71","author":"McDonald","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R26","first-page":"111","article-title":"Citologia della mosca domestica (Musca domestica L.)","volume":"25","author":"Milani","year":"1964","journal-title":"Quad. Ricerca Scientifica"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R27","first-page":"315","article-title":"The genetics of Musca domestica L. and other muscoid flies","volume-title":"Genetics of Insect Vectors of Disease","author":"Milani","year":"1967"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1985.050.01.074","article-title":"A single principle for sex determination in insects","volume":"50","author":"N\u00f6thiger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R29","first-page":"50","article-title":"Recombination rates of the loci MI, Ag, ac, and Mdh (1st CHR.) of Musca domestica L","volume":"13","author":"Rovati","year":"1983","journal-title":"Atti Congr. Naz. It. Entomol."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1080\/11250006409441102","article-title":"Polimorfismo cromosomico in Musca domestica L","volume":"31","author":"Rubini","year":"1964","journal-title":"Boll. Zool."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R31","first-page":"363","article-title":"Ulteriori osservazioni sui determinanti sessuali di Musca domestica L","volume":"21","author":"Rubini","year":"1967","journal-title":"Genet. Agr."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R32","first-page":"101","article-title":"Response to selection for high number of heterochromosomes in Musca domestica L. L","volume":"21","author":"Rubini","year":"1967","journal-title":"Genet. Agr."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R33","first-page":"341","article-title":"Polymorphisms for heterosomes and autosomal sex-determinants in Musca domestica L","volume":"9","author":"Rubini","year":"1972","journal-title":"Atti IX Congr. Naz. It. Entomol."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300013999","article-title":"Mitotic recombination in Musca domestica L. and its influence on mosaicism, gynandromorphism and recombination in males","volume":"35","author":"Rubini","year":"1980","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/145.1.173","article-title":"The mutation masculinizer (man) defines a sex-determining gene with maternal and zygotic functions in Musca domestica L","volume":"145","author":"Schmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.1.271","article-title":"The Y-chromosomal and autosomal male-determining M factors of Musca domestica are equivalent","volume":"147","author":"Schmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.117.2.763","article-title":"Sex determination in Drosophila: sis-b, a major numerator element of the X:A ratio in the soma, does not contribute to the X:A ratio in the germ line","volume":"117","author":"Steinmann-Zwicky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R38","first-page":"282","article-title":"Sex limitation of several loci in the housefly","volume":"2","author":"Sullivan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Genet."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01726692","article-title":"A jumping sex determining factor in the fly Megaselia scalaris","volume":"99","author":"Traut","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/11250008209439399","article-title":"Inheritance of the arrhenogenic factor Ag of Musca domestica L","volume":"49","author":"Vanossi Este","year":"1982","journal-title":"Boll. Zool."},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/57.3.729","article-title":"Linkage group-karyotype correlation in the house fly determined by cytological analysis of X-ray induced translocations","volume":"57","author":"Wagoner","year":"1967","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2022010310531419300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/223187a0","article-title":"Presence of male determining factors found on three autosomes in the housefly, Musca domestica L","volume":"223","author":"Wagoner","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article-pdf\/150\/2\/651\/42011040\/genetics0651.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article-pdf\/150\/2\/651\/42011040\/genetics0651.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T21:29:21Z","timestamp":1698960561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article\/150\/2\/651\/6034558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/genetics\/150.2.651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-2631"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-2631","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}}}