{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1790257252071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva develops from the progeny of three vulval precursor cells (VPCs) induced to divide and differentiate by a signal from the somatic gonad. Evolutionarily conserved Ras and Notch extracellular signaling pathways are known to function during this process. To identify novel loci acting in vulval development, we carried out a genetic screen for mutants having a protruding-vulva (Pvl) mutant phenotype. Here we report the initial genetic characterization of several novel loci: bar-1, pvl-4, pvl-5, and pvl-6. In addition, on the basis of their Pvl phenotypes, we show that the previously identified genes lin-26, mom-3\/mig-14, egl-18, and sem-4 also function during vulval development. Our characterization indicates that (1) pvl-4 and pvl-5 are required for generation\/survival of the VPCs; (2) bar-1, mom-3\/mig-14, egl-18, and sem-4 play a role in VPC fate specification; (3) lin-26 is required for proper VPC fate execution; and (4) pvl-6 acts during vulval morphogenesis. In addition, two of these genes, bar-1 and mom-3\/mig-14, are known to function in processes regulated by Wnt signaling, suggesting that a Wnt signaling pathway is acting during vulval development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/156.3.1097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T01:26:57Z","timestamp":1619573217000},"page":"1097-1116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Protruding Vulva Mutants Identify Novel Loci and Wnt Signaling Factors That Function During\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    Vulva Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"David M","family":"Eisenmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart K","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010407045254000_R1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Cell and growth cone migrations","volume-title":"C. elegans II","author":"Antebi","year":"1997"},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/348693a0","article-title":"The let-23 gene necessary for Caenorhabditis elegans vulval induction encodes a tyrosine kinase of the EGF receptor subfamily","volume":"348","author":"Aroian","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.15.1953","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans gene sem-4 controls neuronal and mesodermal cell development and encodes a zinc finger protein","volume":"10","author":"Basson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/348503a0","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans ras gene let-60 acts as a switch in the pathway of vulval induction","volume":"348","author":"Beitel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.24.3149","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-1 encodes an ETS-domain protein and defines a branch of the vulval induction pathway","volume":"9","author":"Beitel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.8.2517","article-title":"Stage-specific accumulation of the terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 during Caenorhabditis elegans development","volume":"122","author":"Bettinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.13.2623","article-title":"Genetic evidence that heparin-like glycosaminoglycans are involved in wingless signaling","volume":"124","author":"Binari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022010407045254000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)00028-9","article-title":"Control of cell migration during Caenorhabditis elegans development","volume":"11","author":"Blelloch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. 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