{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:10:12Z","timestamp":1761523812404},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The dosage compensation machinery of Caenorhabditis elegans is targeted specifically to the X chromosomes of hermaphrodites (XX) to reduce gene expression by half. Many of the trans-acting factors that direct the dosage compensation machinery to X have been identified, but none of the proposed cis-acting X chromosome-recognition elements needed to recruit dosage compensation components have been found. To study X chromosome recognition, we explored whether portions of an X chromosome attached to an autosome are competent to bind the C. elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC). To do so, we devised a three-dimensional in situ approach that allowed us to compare the volume, position, and number of chromosomal and subchromosomal bodies bound by the dosage compensation machinery in wild-type XX nuclei and XX nuclei carrying an X duplication. The dosage compensation complex was found to associate with a duplication of the right 30% of X, but the complex did not spread onto adjacent autosomal sequences. This result indicates that all the information required to specify X chromosome identity resides on the duplication and that the dosage compensation machinery can localize to a site distinct from the full-length hermaphrodite X chromosome. In contrast, smaller duplications of other regions of X appeared to not support localization of the DCC. In a separate effort to identify cis-acting X recognition elements, we used a computational approach to analyze genomic DNA sequences for the presence of short motifs that were abundant and overrepresented on X relative to autosomes. Fourteen families of X-enriched motifs were discovered and mapped onto the X chromosome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/156.4.1603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T03:58:09Z","timestamp":1619582289000},"page":"1603-1621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i> Dosage Compensation Machinery Is Recruited to <i>X<\/i> Chromosome DNA Attached to an Autosome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Jason D","family":"Lieb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Ortiz","family":"de Solorzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique Garcia","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-1561"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Lockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara J","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of California, 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