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After EMS mutagenesis of a well-characterized transgenic line, we screened 250,000 M2 plants for constitutive expression of the reporter gene in vivo. From a mutant collection containing several hundred putative mutants, we concentrated on 16 mutants lacking spontaneous hypersensitive response (HR) cell death. We mapped 4 of these constitutive immunity (cim) mutants to chromosome arms. Constitutive expression of disease resistance was established by analyzing responses to virulent Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae strains, by RNA blot analysis for endogenous marker genes, and by determination of salicylic acid levels in the mutants. The variety of the cim phenotypes allowed us to define distinct steps in both the canonical SAR signaling pathway and a separate pathway for resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum, active in only a subset of the mutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.4.1661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T04:34:09Z","timestamp":1619584449000},"page":"1661-1671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of Broad-Spectrum Disease-Resistant Arabidopsis Mutants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Klaus","family":"Maleck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Biotechnology Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Neuenschwander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Crop Protection, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M","family":"Cade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Biotechnology Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Biotechnology Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery L","family":"Dangl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, and Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Ryals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paradigm Genetics, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010513511914200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1996.09030341.x","article-title":"Genetic characterization of five powdery mildew disease resistance loci in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"9","author":"Adam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2022010513511914200_R2","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel","year":"1987"},{"key":"2022010513511914200_R3","first-page":"1194","article-title":"In planta Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants","volume":"316","author":"Bechtold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2022010513511914200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1023","article-title":"Assignment of 30 microsatellite loci to the linkage map of Arabidopsis","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2022010513511914200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00037021","article-title":"Arabidopsis thaliana Atvsp is homologous to soybean VspA and VspB, genes encoding vegetative storage protein acid phosphatases, and is regulated similarly by methyl jasmonate, wounding, sugars, light and phosphate","volume":"27","author":"Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Mol. 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