{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:35:58Z","timestamp":1774341358309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have sex chromosome systems with female heterogamety, and 2 models, W-dominance and Z-counting, have been proposed to determine sex. The W-dominant mechanism is well known in Bombyx mori. However, little is known about the Z-counting mechanism in Z0\/ZZ species. We investigated whether ploidy changes affect sexual development and gene expression in the eri silkmoth, Samia cynthia ricini (2n = 27\u2640\/28\u2642, Z0\u2640\/ZZ\u2642). Tetraploid males (4n = 56, ZZZZ) and females (4n = 54, ZZ) were induced by heat and cold shock, and then, triploid embryos were produced by crosses between diploids and tetraploids. Two karyotypes (3n = 42, ZZZ and 3n = 41, ZZ) were identified in triploid embryos. Triploid embryos with 3 Z chromosomes showed male-specific splicing of the S. cynthia doublesex (Scdsx) gene, whereas 2-Z triploid embryos showed both male- and female-specific splicing. From larva to adult, 3-Z triploids showed a normal male phenotype, except for defects in spermatogenesis. However, abnormal gonads were observed in 2-Z triploids, which showed both male- and female-specific Scdsx transcripts not only in the gonads but also in somatic tissues. Two-Z triploids were thus obviously intersexes, suggesting that sexual development in S. c. ricini depends on the Z:A ratio and not only on the Z number. Moreover, mRNA-seq analyses in embryos showed that relative levels of gene expression are similar between samples with different doses of Z chromosomes and autosome sets. Our results provide the first evidence that ploidy changes disrupt sexual development but have no effect on the general mode of dosage compensation in Lepidoptera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T10:27:46Z","timestamp":1676543266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Deviations in the Z:A ratio disrupt sexual development in the eri silkmoth, <i>Samia cynthia ricini<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuo","family":"Yoshido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology , Brani\u0161ovsk\u00e1 31, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6745-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Marec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology , Brani\u0161ovsk\u00e1 31, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1854","key":"2024091718040069400_iyad023-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20162806","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.2806","article-title":"Sex chromosome evolution: historical insights and future perspectives","volume":"284","author":"Abbott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024091718040069400_iyad023-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001899","article-title":"Sex 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