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Here we show that, in the Drosophila larval central brain, cell-type-specific expression of MEI-P26 plays a vital role in regulating neural development. MEI-P26 and another TRIM-NHL RBP, Brain tumor (BRAT), have distinct expression patterns in Type I neuroblast (NB) lineages: While both proteins are expressed in NBs, BRAT is expressed in ganglion mother cells (GMCs) but not neurons, whereas MEI-P26 is expressed in neurons but not GMCs. Knockdown of MEI-P26 leads to re-expression of the stem cell marker Deadpan (DPN) and over-production of neurons. In contrast, ectopically expressed MEI-P26 reduces NB lineage size by repressing division of GMCs, resulting in reduced neuron production. We show that MEI-P26 positively regulates expression of Prospero (PROS), a transcription factor that is known to repress cell cycle-related genes. Ectopic expression of PROS phenocopies ectopic expression of MEI-P26. In both cases, Cyclin B (CYCB) expression is downregulated. Importantly, knockdown of PROS in the context of ectopic MEI-P26 rescues the neural lineage. Based on these results, we conclude that MEI-P26 functions to prevent over-production of neurons by promoting production of PROS which, in turn, downregulates cell division.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyaf015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T13:23:53Z","timestamp":1737725033000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein MEI-P26 modulates the size of Drosophila Type I neuroblast lineages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2724-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue , Toronto, Ontario , M5G 1M1","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard 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