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Parallel evolution, defined as the independent emergence of similar phenotypes in different species or populations in response to similar selective pressures, provides a powerful framework for inferring the role of selection. Drosophila melanogaster has been a focal model system for investigating genomic and phenotypic variation driven by selection, whereas its sister species, D. simulans, has been largely understudied. D. melanogaster originated in sub-Saharan Africa and experienced a major out-of-ancestral range expansion approximately 13,000 years ago, dispersing into Europe, and then colonizing the Americas and Australia only very recently. D. simulans is thought to have originated in Madagascar, although the exact timing of its global expansion remains unclear; it, too, is thought to have very recently colonized the Americas and Australia. Here, we present the first comparative continent-scale transcriptomic analysis of the male reproductive tract, testis and accessory gland, in these 2 species, including ancestral range populations for both, to investigate the role of migration and selection in shaping gene expression variation on a global scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyag179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:03:52Z","timestamp":1783688632000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parallel transcriptome adaptation during recent evolution of the\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>\n                    testis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7650-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiezheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California , Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Begun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California , Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090204115046000_iyag179-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2015.05.006","article-title":"Revisiting classic clines in Drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics","volume":"31","author":"Adrion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2026090204115046000_iyag179-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14961","article-title":"Patterns of transposable element variation and clinality in Drosophila","volume":"28","author":"Adrion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"2026090204115046000_iyag179-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-014-0179-y","article-title":"Pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster reaches its maximum in Ethiopia and correlates most strongly with ultra-violet radiation in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"14","author":"Bastide","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"2026090204115046000_iyag179-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/356519a0","article-title":"Levels of naturally occurring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in D. 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