{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:59:09Z","timestamp":1791377949318,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005303","name":"Boston College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM124691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM124691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the animal kingdom, copulatory wounds occur due to aggressive behavior or injury from the female or male appendages in contact. Copulatory wounds are a source of sexual conflict as the injury can lead to death or infection. In the laboratory, Drosophila melanogaster does not ordinarily exhibit signs of injury during copulation, but here we find that it can be induced to do so by overexpression of the serine protease, Hayan, in either the male or female fruit fly. Melanin deposits mark sites of injury along the female ventral abdomen and occur following a single copulation event. The male fly\u2019s mid-legs are the source of injury as they rub against the ventral female abdomen. Surgical removal of the male mid-legs prevents melanization while still permitting mating to occur. Likewise, removal of the right or left mid-leg results in a corresponding loss of melanization on the female abdominal side that lacks the mid-leg contact. Thus, it appears that overexpression of Hayan alters the female and male anatomy to sensitize it to injury during copulation. We show that these copulatory wounds heal similar to a puncture wound via the generation of enlarged multinucleated, polyploid cells. However, the size of the injury dictates the mechanism of healing. The polyploid cells arise solely by cell fusion in response to small injuries (&amp;lt;1,000 \u03bcm2), whereas the endocycle is simultaneously stimulated by larger wounds (&amp;gt;3,000 \u03bcm2) to compensate for cell loss. Therefore, we speculate that wound-induced polyploidization may have evolved to repair similar injuries resulting from sexual conflict in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyag206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:45:04Z","timestamp":1785833104000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A genetic model of copulatory wounding in\n                    <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Sophie L","family":"Jalkut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Boston College , 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia M","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Boston College , 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian J","family":"Pitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki P","family":"Losick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Boston College , 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060305","article-title":"A signaling protease required for melanization in Drosophila affects resistance and tolerance of infections","volume":"6","author":"Ayres","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/61252","article-title":"A Drosophila model to study wound-induced polyploidization","author":"Bailey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/55291","article-title":"Measuring and altering mating drive in male Drosophila melanogaster","author":"Boutros","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.10.042","article-title":"The serine protease Sp7 is expressed in blood cells and regulates the melanization reaction in Drosophila","volume":"338","author":"Castillejo-Lopez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.101","article-title":"More than black or white: melanization and toll share regulatory serine proteases in Drosophila","volume":"27","author":"Dudzic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-015-0193-6","article-title":"Drosophila innate immunity: regional and functional specialization of prophenoloxidases","volume":"13","author":"Dudzic","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020239","article-title":"Cellular and genetic analysis of wound healing in Drosophila Larvae","volume":"2","author":"Galko","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07749-7","article-title":"Dopamine biases decisions by limiting temporal integration","volume":"632","author":"Gautham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.09.011","article-title":"A Gal4-driver line resource for Drosophila neurobiology","volume":"2","author":"Jenett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.09.029","article-title":"Polyploidization and cell fusion contribute to wound healing in the adult Drosophila epithelium","volume":"23","author":"Losick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49388","article-title":"The yellow gene influences Drosophila male mating success through sex comb melanization","volume":"8","author":"Massey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.476","article-title":"Genetic evidence of A redox-dependent systemic wound response via Hayan protease-phenoloxidase system in Drosophila","volume":"31","author":"Nam","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0502","article-title":"Jnk signaling pathway is required for efficient wound healing in Drosophila","volume":"241","author":"R\u00e4met","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017582","article-title":"Copulatory wounding and traumatic insemination","volume":"7","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2522067123","article-title":"Epithelial cell fusion is required for tissue repair following UV-A irradiation","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5683","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101440698","article-title":"Traumatic insemination and sexual conflict in the bed bug Cimex lectularius","volume":"98","author":"Stutt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.0523","article-title":"Two matings lead to more copulatory wounding than A single mating in female Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"292","author":"Subasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240256","article-title":"How frequently are insects wounded in the wild? A case study using Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"11","author":"Subasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601642200","article-title":"Two proteases defining A melanization cascade in the immune system of Drosophila","volume":"281","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.344","article-title":"Methods for the study of innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"8","author":"Troha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026100708025274100_iyag206-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.2808","article-title":"Sexual conflict and sexual networks in bed bugs: the fitness cost of traumatic insemination, female avoidance and male Mate choice","volume":"291","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["GENETICS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/genetics\/iyag206\/70476207\/iyag206.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article-pdf\/234\/2\/iyag206\/70476207\/iyag206.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article-pdf\/234\/2\/iyag206\/70476207\/iyag206.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:03:00Z","timestamp":1791374580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/genetics\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/genetics\/iyag206\/8750788"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"D","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/genetics\/iyag206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-2631"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-2631","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"iyag206"}}