{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T02:45:10Z","timestamp":1781405110531,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.m146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T19:04:09Z","timestamp":1308683049000},"page":"M146-M157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20446,"title":["Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"L. P.","family":"Fried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Tangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Walston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gottdiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Seeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Kop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"McBurnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"9148","key":"1_10714750","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04402-X","volume":"353","author":"Rockwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_9389320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb05905.x","volume":"39","author":"Speechley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9 Pt 2","key":"3_9563885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb05930.x","volume":"39","author":"Winograd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"26","key":"4_13370240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412273112604","volume":"311","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"22","key":"5_5631100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005313222205","volume":"322","author":"Applegate","year":"1990","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"6_13063582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03401.x","volume":"31","author":"Campion","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_14128103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390170069030","volume":"257","author":"Becker","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_9513424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02700.x","volume":"39","author":"Winograd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_5710681","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.4.315","volume":"26","author":"CAMPBELL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age and Ageing","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-0729","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"10_9818310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30494-4","volume":"8","author":"Buchner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinics in geriatric medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0749-0690","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"11_14471358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06769.x","volume":"41","author":"Bortz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"13","key":"12_9758840","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480130122036","volume":"267","author":"Lipsitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"13_10852827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00022","volume":"130","author":"Hamerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4819","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_10999967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00077-3","volume":"52","author":"Chin A Paw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of clinical epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0895-4356","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"16_28562533","first-page":"5","volume":"50","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"17_16488640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30200-3","volume":"12","author":"Chandler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinics in geriatric medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0749-0690","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"18_29276746","first-page":"113","volume":"50","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"19_16175234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30267-2","volume":"11","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinics in geriatric medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0749-0690","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"20_24371839","first-page":"1147","volume":"65","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology -- Legacy Content","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9513","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"21_28274040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0820321","volume":"82","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9287","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"22_16517117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.5.386","volume":"25","author":"BUCHNER","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age and Ageing","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-0729","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_16667575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540250033028","volume":"277","author":"Ettinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"25","key":"24_15496789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302501","volume":"330","author":"Fiatarone","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"25_23909974","first-page":"1909","volume":"24","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"27_36564992","first-page":"101","volume":"50","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"20","key":"28_15667701","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520200057036","volume":"272","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"29_15755950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503093321001","volume":"332","author":"Leibel","year":"1995","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"30_5754720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.4.760","volume":"66","author":"Morley","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9165","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"31_4934344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(88)80004-6","volume":"9","author":"Morley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurobiology of aging","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0197-4580","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"32_14549019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(91)90005-W","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annals of epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1047-2797","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"33_14555591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90062-9","volume":"3","author":"Tell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1047-2797","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"34_25070198","first-page":"745","volume":"31","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of chronic diseases","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9681","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"35_36564993","first-page":"1","volume":"21","year":"1987871323","journal-title":"Vital and health statistics. Series 5, Comparative international vital and health statistics reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0892-8959","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"36_13750417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198601)42:1<28::AID-JCLP2270420104>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"42","author":"Orme","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of clinical psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9762","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"37_16137741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00093-9","volume":"5","author":"Ives","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1047-2797","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"38_9728016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80105-3","volume":"5","author":"Gardin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0894-7317","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"39_9603966","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.9.1155","volume":"22","author":"O'Leary","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0039-2499","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"40_3889986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of psychiatric research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3956","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"41_33138070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/33.2.232","volume":"33","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1422","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"42_5904542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.8.585","volume":"279","author":"Fried","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"43_16347868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(95)00613-3","volume":"40","author":"Kop","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of psychosomatic research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3999","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"44_15673946","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199407000-00001","volume":"56","author":"Kop","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-3174","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"45_16797084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009066","volume":"145","author":"Siscovick","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9262","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"46_33251404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/29.5.654","volume":"29","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Gerontologist","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-9013","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"47_9186595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1990.tb04417.x","volume":"38","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"48_10999967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00077-3","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of clinical epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0895-4356","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"49_10226334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb01895.x","volume":"41","author":"Poehlman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"50_14114439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19870027","volume":"57","author":"Bunker","year":"1987","journal-title":"The British journal of nutrition","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1145","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"51_36564937","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M158","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M158","volume":"56","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1079-5006","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"52_16245329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb06420.x","volume":"44","author":"Verdery","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8614","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"53_16175230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30263-5","volume":"11","author":"Verdery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinics in geriatric medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0749-0690","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/56\/3\/M146\/9743160\/M146.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T03:20:06Z","timestamp":1560309606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.m146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}}}