{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:32:56Z","timestamp":1787826776635,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["189 10276\/8\/9\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["189 10276\/8\/9\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ARISTEIA","award":["\u0394\u03a52\u03b2\/\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba0.51657\/14.4.2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0394\u03a52\u03b2\/\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba0.51657\/14.4.2009"]}]},{"name":"Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the association between frailty, Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and the probability of prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease (prodromal PD) in Greek community-dwelling older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnosis was reached through standard clinical research procedures. Probability of prodromal PD was calculated according to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\u2019s research criteria for PD-free participants. Frailty was evaluated according to definitions of the phenotypic and multidomain approach. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to investigate associations between frailty (predictor) and the probability of prodromal PD, either continuous or dichotomous (\u226530% probability score), or PD (outcome).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from 1765 participants aged 65 and older were included in the present analysis. Parkinson\u2019s disease and prodromal PD prevalence were 1.9% and 3.0%, respectively. Compared to nonfrail participants, those who were frail, as identified with either the Fried frailty phenotype or Frailty Index had approximately 4 (odds ratio [OR] 4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54\u201310.89) and 12 times (OR 12.16, 95% CI 5.46\u201327.09) higher odds of having a PD diagnosis, respectively. Moreover, compared to the nonfrail, frail participants as identified with either the Fried frailty phenotype or Frailty Index had 2.8 (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.09\u20137.37) and 8.3 times (OR 8.39, 95% CI 4.56\u201315.42) higher odds of having possible\/probable prodromal PD, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Frailty status was associated with prodromal PD and PD, suggesting common characteristics or underlying mechanisms of these conditions. Although prospective studies are warranted, acknowledging the possible association of frailty, PD, and prodromal PD may improve their clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T20:10:30Z","timestamp":1596744630000},"page":"622-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Frailty and Prodromal Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Results From the HELIAD Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Ntanasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Maraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Yannakoulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stamelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Xiromerisiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary H","family":"Kosmidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Hadjigeorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Sakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Association of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Gargalionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Patas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Chatzipanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socrates","family":"Charisis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Stefanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"},{"name":"Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6453-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Scarmeas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, the Gertrude H. 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