{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:05:23Z","timestamp":1790395523980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG064040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG064040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG021334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG021334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AG067642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AG067642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG021334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG021334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI144954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI144954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG055781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG055781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK114074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK114074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG055781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG055781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Frailty is common and associated with poor outcomes among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. While frailty improves in the first 3 months post-KT with restored kidney function, longer-term trajectories are likely to plateau\/decline due to aging and other stressors (eg, immunosuppression). We evaluated longer-term post-KT trajectories of the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) and its components in adult patients at 2 centers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PFP components were measured at admission, 1, 3, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter post-KT. We used adjusted mixed-effects models to describe repeated measures of continuous components (weight, gait speed, grip strength, activity) and generalized estimating equations to quantify longitudinal, binomial response patterns (PFP; exhaustion).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1 336 recipients (mean age = 53) followed for a median of 1.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.1\u20133.2), likelihood of frailty declined in the first 2.5 years post-KT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 0.98), but increased after 2.5 years post-KT (aOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). In the first 2.5 years post-KT, recipients demonstrated increases in weight (0.4 lbs\/month, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.5), grip strength (0.2 kg\/month, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.2), and activity (23.9 kcal\/month, 95% CI: 17.5, 30.2); gait speed remained stable (\u22120.01 s\/month, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.003). Additionally, likelihood of becoming exhausted declined post-KT (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00). After 2.5 years post-KT, recipients demonstrated decreased grip strength (\u22120.07 kg\/month, 95% CI: \u22120.12, \u22120.01) and activity (\u221220 kcal\/month, 95% CI: \u221232.3, \u22128.2); they had stable weight (\u22120.003 lbs\/month, 95% CI: \u22120.17, 0.16), gait speed (\u22120.003 s\/month, 95% CI: \u22120.02, 0.01), and likelihood of becoming exhausted (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite frailty improvements in the first 2.5 years, recipients\u2019 frailty worsened after 2.5 years post-KT. Specifically, they experienced gains in strength, activity, and exhaustion in the first 2.5 years post-KT, but declined in strength and activity after 2.5 years post-KT while experiencing persistent slowness. Clinicians should consider monitoring recipients for worsening frailty after 2.5 years despite shorter-term improvements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T10:58:02Z","timestamp":1645441082000},"page":"2474-2481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Long-Term Trajectories of Frailty and Its Components After Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia M","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8818-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian-Li","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silas P","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorry L","family":"Segev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara A","family":"McAdams-DeMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"2022122916535844100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412303","article-title":"Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant","volume":"341","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022122916535844100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04210609","article-title":"Is kidney transplantation for everyone? 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