{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T22:18:56Z","timestamp":1772057936141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG050595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG050595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG022381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG022381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG064955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG064955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG037985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG037985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG018384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG018384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AG055367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AG055367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AG063805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AG063805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Childhood disadvantage is a prominent risk factor for cognitive and brain aging. Childhood disadvantage is associated with poorer episodic memory in late midlife and functional and structural brain abnormalities in the default mode network (DMN). Although age-related changes in DMN are associated with episodic memory declines in older adults, it remains unclear if childhood disadvantage has an enduring impact on this later-life brain\u2013cognition relationship earlier in the aging process. Here, within the DMN, we examined whether its cortical microstructural integrity\u2014an early marker of structural vulnerability that increases the risk for future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration\u2014is associated with episodic memory in adults at ages 56\u201366, and whether childhood disadvantage moderates this association.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) obtained from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure microstructural integrity in 350 community-dwelling men. We examined both visual and verbal episodic memory in relation to DMN MD and divided participants into disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged groups based on parental education and occupation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher DMN MD was associated with poorer visual memory but not verbal memory (\u03b2 = \u22120.11, p = .040 vs \u03b2 = \u22120.04, p = .535). This association was moderated by childhood disadvantage and was significant only in the disadvantaged group (\u03b2 = \u22120.26, p = .002 vs \u03b2 = \u22120.00, p = .957).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower DMN cortical microstructural integrity may reflect visual memory vulnerability in cognitively normal adults earlier in the aging process. Individuals who experienced childhood disadvantage manifested greater vulnerability to cortical microstructure-related visual memory dysfunction than their nondisadvantaged counterparts who exhibited resilience in the face of low cortical microstructural integrity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T06:56:57Z","timestamp":1682405817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Childhood Disadvantage Moderates Late Midlife Default Mode Network Cortical Microstructure and Visual Memory Association"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0406-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongxiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A","family":"Elman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders M","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen M","family":"Dorros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa T","family":"Eyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fennema-Notestine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E","family":"Gustavson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Donald J","family":"Hagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S","family":"Panizzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia K","family":"Puckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandra A","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol E","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William S","family":"Kremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024102814490137300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811537116","article-title":"Influence of young adult cognitive ability and additional education on later-life cognition","volume":"116","author":"Kremen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S 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