{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:17:09Z","timestamp":1785442629821,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["788195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["788195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG012846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG012846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the family plays a pivotal role in older adults\u2019 care, there is limited research on how evolving demographic trends affect older adults\u2019 support networks and how the trends vary by race. To fill this gap, we examine the influence of shifting family demographics on future care needs for older adults with dementia, emphasizing the unequal health and potential caregiving burdens by race in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using demographic models of kinship, we estimate the availability of potential caregivers, and dementia prevalence among one\u2019s kin by race, kin type, and the age of a focal person from 2000 to 2060. We introduce an index called the Dementia Dependency Ratio to assess dementia caregiving demands at the population level, taking into account the age and kinship structure of the population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that Black individuals tend to have more children, grandchildren, and nieces\/nephews as they age. However, Black individuals also tend to have more kin with dementia compared to their White counterparts. This elevated prevalence of dementia among Black kinship networks counterbalances the advantage of having more kin as potential caregivers. A further projection analysis suggests that the racial gap in caregiving demand within the kinship network will widen in the next 4 decades if the racial gap in dementia prevalence remains unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings emphasize the urgency of reducing racial inequality in dementia prevalence rates and increasing public support for families with extended members affected by dementia. With the shrinkage of nuclear families and population aging in the next few decades, extended family members may undertake more caregiving responsibilities for dementia. We call for a kinship perspective in understanding dementia care in future research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T14:58:26Z","timestamp":1713625106000},"page":"S32-S41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Kinship and Care: Racial Disparities in Potential Dementia Caregiving in the United States From 2000 to 2060"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1099-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3463-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hal","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab013","article-title":"Typologies of dementia caregiver support networks: a Pilot Study","volume":"61","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0002","volume-title":"Baby Boom and the Growing Care Gap: A Look at Future Declines in the Availability of Family Caregiver.","author":"Redfoot","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.00280","article-title":"Family care availability and implications for informal and formal care used by adults with dementia in the US","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Project Hope)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0510","article-title":"US prevalence and predictors of informal caregiving for dementia","volume":"34","author":"Friedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Project Hope)"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/01640275211026919","article-title":"Interpersonal correlates of dementia caregivers\u2019 emotional support networks: considering family history","volume":"44","author":"Cleary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/59.3.S146","article-title":"A longitudinal study of Black\u2013White differences in social resources","volume":"59","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/56.2.S112","article-title":"Social networks among Blacks and whites: the interaction between race and age","volume":"56","author":"Ajrouch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18547","article-title":"Changes in late-life assistance networks for Black and White older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"71","author":"Oyeyemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/47.6.721","article-title":"Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults","volume":"47","author":"Roth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240406900604","article-title":"Kin support among Blacks and whites: race and family organization","volume":"69","author":"Sarkisian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024110714052034900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S212","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.4.S212","article-title":"Are Blacks more likely than whites to receive and provide social support in middle and old age? 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