{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:08:13Z","timestamp":1776179293876,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1456\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1456\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CSA\/0055\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA\/0055\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CSA-SI MOH-000434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA-SI MOH-000434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022902","name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001352","name":"National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA55069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA55069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 CA53890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 CA53890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA80205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA80205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA144034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA144034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA182867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA182867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult height has been associated with handgrip strength, which is a surrogate marker of physical frailty. However, it is uncertain if this association is causative or due to confounding bias.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated pairwise associations among handgrip strength, adult height, and genetically determined height (using a polygenic score [PGS] for height in a mediation framework and a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach) by means of a multivariable regression model using a prospective cohort of Chinese living in Singapore. We additionally evaluated pathway enrichments of height-related genes in relation to increased handgrip strength to discover common biological mechanisms underlying associations of genetically determined height with handgrip strength.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Height PGS exhibited a positive association with handgrip strength at late life after adjusting for midlife body weight and other baseline exposures (cigarette smoking, education, and physical activity status, p\u2005=\u20051.2\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22129). Approximately 66.4% of the total effect of height PGS on handgrip strength was mediated through adult height (\u03b2indirect-effect\u2005=\u20050.034, pindirect-effect\u2005=\u20051.4\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u221240). Two-sample Mendelian randomization evaluations showed a consistent causal relationship between increased height and increased handgrip strength in late life (p between 6.6\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22124 and 3.9\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u221218), with insignificant horizontal pleiotropic effects (pMR-Egger intercept\u2005=\u20050.853). Pathway analyses of genes related to both increased adult height and handgrip strength revealed enrichment in ossification and adipogenesis pathways (padj between .034 and 6.8\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22124).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study highlights a potentially causal effect between increased adult height and increased handgrip strength in late life, which may be explained by related biological processes underlying the preservation of muscle mass and strength in aging.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T14:33:34Z","timestamp":1724855614000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Causal Effect of Adult Height on Late-Life Handgrip Strength: The Singapore Chinese Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Xuling","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat \u2013 National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Health System , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne 3000 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1338-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Yiqiang","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore 119077 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih Chuan","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine (PRISM) , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7309-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chew-Kiat","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat \u2013 National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Health System , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Min","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiea Chuen","family":"Khor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore 169856 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6608-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Dorajoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138672 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woon-Puay","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117545 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 117609 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0001","article-title":"Ageing and health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195320","article-title":"Early-life conditions and health at older ages: the mediating role of educational attainment, family and employment trajectories","volume":"13","author":"Arpino","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2010.0007","article-title":"Causes and consequences of early-life health","volume":"47","author":"Case","year":"2010","journal-title":"Demography."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2019.04.006","article-title":"Adult body height as a mediator between early-life conditions and socio-economic status: the case of the Dutch Potato Famine, 1846\u20131847","volume":"34","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys086","article-title":"Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people: individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"41","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197164","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197164","article-title":"Adult height and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study (JPHC)","volume":"13","author":"Ihira","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeoa.2014.09.011","article-title":"Comparing the relationship between stature and later life health in six low and middle income countries","volume":"4","author":"McGovern","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Econ Ageing"},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S194543","article-title":"Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults","volume":"14","author":"Bohannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404881","article-title":"Genetically determined height and coronary artery disease","volume":"372","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002118","article-title":"Association between adult height and risk of colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer: results from meta-analyses of prospective studies and Mendelian randomization analyses","volume":"13","author":"Khankari","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02450-w","article-title":"Your height affects your health: genetic determinants and health-related outcomes in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Chiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914nc392_5","article-title":"Singapore Chinese Health Study: development, validation, and calibration of the quantitative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"39","author":"Hankin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa260","article-title":"Midlife leukocyte telomere length as an indicator for handgrip strength in late life","volume":"76","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02056-7","article-title":"Low frequency variants associated with leukocyte telomere length in the Singapore Chinese population","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","article-title":"Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106546","article-title":"A five-safes approach to a secure and scalable genomics data repository","volume":"26","author":"Shih","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01274-x","article-title":"The Singapore National Precision Medicine Strategy","volume":"55","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00783-5","article-title":"The polygenic score catalog as an open database for reproducibility and systematic evaluation","volume":"53","author":"Lambert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001006","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects in linear structural equation models","volume":"16","author":"Sobel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociol Method Res"},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.19995.2","article-title":"Mendelian randomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy101","article-title":"Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and radial regression","volume":"47","author":"Bowden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7221","article-title":"A framework for the investigation of pleiotropy in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization","volume":"36","author":"Bowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6522","article-title":"Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome","volume":"34","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.08.001","article-title":"Beyond Mendelian randomization: how to interpret evidence of shared genetic predictors","volume":"69","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000081","article-title":"Methodological challenges in Mendelian randomization","volume":"25","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","article-title":"Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0030","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Assessing the suitability of summary data for two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using MR-Egger regression: the role of the I2 statistic","volume":"45","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01261-5","article-title":"Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"D1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D613","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1024","article-title":"WikiPathways: connecting communities","volume":"49","author":"Martens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"issue":"10206","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0036","volume-title":"Musculoskeletal System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolic Disorders. The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations \/ Prep. by Frank H. Netter","author":"Netter","year":"1987"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197355040-00012","article-title":"Cytoplasmic structures of epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. Quantitative evaluation using electron micrographs of rat costochondral junctions with special reference to the fate of hypertrophic cells","volume":"55","author":"Brighton","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668050-00010","article-title":"Histochemical localization of calcium in the fracture callus with potassium pyroantimonate. Possible role of chondrocyte mitochondrial calcium in callus calcification","volume":"68","author":"Brighton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0039","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry","author":"Lennarz","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1175-7","article-title":"Adult height and risk of 50 diseases: a combined epidemiological and genetic analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0041","first-page":"18","article-title":"Adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis: trans-differentiation in the pathophysiology of bone disorders","volume":"15","author":"Savopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00069","article-title":"Fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle: mechanisms and comparisons with bone marrow adiposity","volume":"7","author":"Hamrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02393-2","article-title":"Adiposity and grip strength: a Mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank","volume":"20","author":"Pinto Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867921","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.867921","article-title":"Musculoskeletal effects of altered GH action","volume":"13","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv105","article-title":"Adult height, nutrition, and population health","volume":"74","author":"Perkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932003002633","article-title":"Determinants of variation in adult body height","volume":"35","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99047-9","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in handgrip strength and its association with measures of intrinsic capacity among older adults in six middle-income countries","volume":"11","author":"Arokiasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e025755","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025755","article-title":"Developmental factors associated with decline in grip strength from midlife to old age: a British birth cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Kuh","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S363421","article-title":"Factors associated with handgrip strength among older adults in Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu170","article-title":"Factors associated with grip strength decline in older adults","volume":"44","author":"Stern\u00e4ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03721-0","article-title":"Nationwide handgrip strength values and factors associated with muscle weakness in older adults: findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil)","volume":"22","author":"de Souza Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102606262805200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz150","article-title":"Dietary pattern in midlife and cognitive impairment in late life: a prospective study in Chinese adults","volume":"110","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae216\/58941179\/glae216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae216\/60105294\/glae216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae216\/60105294\/glae216.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T06:26:47Z","timestamp":1729924007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae216\/7743117"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roger A","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"article-number":"glae216"}}