{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:02:48Z","timestamp":1788368568792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI162247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI162247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI150547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI150547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI120834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI120834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AG082527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AG082527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG054366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG054366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK126042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK126042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Data Analysis and Coordination Center","award":["U01HL146193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL146193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) experience faster physical decline than those without HIV (PWoH), despite antiretroviral therapy. We compared skeletal muscle density and area and their relationship with physical function among PWH and PWoH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative computed tomography scans were performed at the L4\u2013L5 spinal region and the thigh to evaluate muscle groups in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants at baseline. Using exploratory factor analysis, we summarized aggregated muscle measures based on factor loadings. Longitudinal associations between muscle area and density with gait speed and grip strength were examined using multivariable linear regression models with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for demographics, HIV serostatus, and other health metrics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 798 men (61% of PWH). The median age was 54 years (interquartile range: 49\u201359), 61% were White, 32% Black, and 10% Hispanic. Among them, 22% had a body mass index over 30\u00a0kg\/m2, and 14% had diabetes. Two factors emerged from the factor analysis explaining 55.9% of variance. Factor 1 (explained 32.5% of variance) encompassed all density measures. Factor 2 (explained 23.4% of variance) encompassed all area measures. Associations between muscle density and gait speed were more pronounced with aggregated measures than with individual ones. Specifically, each unit increase in overall muscle density correlated with a 0.028 m\/s increase in gait speed (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.017, 0.038, p &amp;lt; .01). Grip strength was associated with aggregated measures of both muscle density and area, with overall muscle density associated with a 1.88\u00a0kg increase in grip strength (95% CI: 1.29, 2.46, p &amp;lt; .01), and overall muscle area with a 1.60\u00a0kg increase (95% CI: 1.02, 2.19, p &amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aggregated muscle density and area measurements were significantly associated with physical function. These correlations underscore the importance of interventions to enhance skeletal muscle to improve healthy aging for PWH and PWoH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:02:07Z","timestamp":1726617727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Muscle Quality and Physical Function in Men With and Without HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3741-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace L","family":"Ditzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8599-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd T","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Langan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsing-Yu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J","family":"Palella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A","family":"Kingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L","family":"Koletar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine M","family":"Erlandson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32835ba6b1","article-title":"Life expectancy living with HIV: recent estimates and future implications","volume":"26","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis."},{"key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a3172","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a3172","article-title":"HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, ageing, and non-AIDS related morbidity","volume":"338","author":"Deeks","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001478","article-title":"Clinical implications of aging with HIV infection: perspectives and the future medical care 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Defic Syndr."},{"issue":"17","key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001245","article-title":"Effect of HIV-infection and cumulative viral load on age-related decline in grip strength","volume":"30","author":"Schrack","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042909-093756","article-title":"HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging","volume":"62","author":"Deeks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med."},{"key":"2024102311540403300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy658","article-title":"The association between HIV infection and mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood: a population-based, prospective cohort study","volume":"219","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect 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