{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1788092762190,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USC Multidisciplinary Research Training Program in Gerontology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG000037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USC\/UCLA Center on Biodemography and Population Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG017265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG017265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Prior research has examined associations of exposure to air pollution and heat with epigenetic alterations separately; however, these 2 exposures commonly used to measure climate change typically co-occur. We examine joint effects of exposure to elevated PM2.5 and heat on DNA methylation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Data come from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study DNA Methylation Sample (N\u2005=\u20053 947) and census tract level annual ambient PM2.5 concentrations and daily heat index data averaged 7 days before blood collection. We used 5 epigenetic aging measures: Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE. Four categories of joint PM2.5 and heat were analyzed: (a\u2005=\u2005reference) low PM2.5 (&amp;lt;9.2 \u00b5g\/m3) and low heat (&amp;lt;80 on heat index); (b) low PM2.5 and high heat; (c) high PM2.5 and low heat; and (d) high PM2.5 and high heat. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender, race\/ethnicity, education, neighborhood poverty, and cell type.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Compared to the reference of low PM2.5 and heat, we found associations of short-term (7-day) high heat and long-term (annual) low PM2.5 with accelerated DNA methylation aging for Horvath (\u03b2 = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.15), Hannum (\u03b2 = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.28), and PhenoAge (\u03b2 = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.52). High PM2.5 and low heat had weaker associations (Horvath \u03b2 = \u22120.001, 95% CI: \u22120.68, 0.68, Hannum \u03b2 = 0.36, 95% CI: \u2212034, 1.05; PhenoAge \u03b2 = 0.18, 95% CI: \u22120.56, 0.92), as did joint effects of high PM2.5 and high heat (Horvath \u03b2 = 0.11, 95% CI: \u22120.68, 0.89; Hannum \u03b2 = 0.42, 95% CI: \u22120.46, 1.20; PhenoAge \u03b2 = 0.56, 95% CI: \u22120.30, 1.42).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Exposure to short-term high heat and low air pollution may accelerate epigenetic aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:51:59Z","timestamp":1746510719000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Joint Effects of Exposure to Ambient Long-term Air Pollution and Short-term Heat on Epigenetic Aging in the Health and Retirement 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