{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:27:37Z","timestamp":1783618057336,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":122,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou","award":["202206010086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206010086"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M730742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M730742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application","award":["2022B1212010011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1212010011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To identify the most vulnerable brain regions in gray matter attributable to advanced brain aging and examine the cognitive correlates of advanced brain aging in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred twenty-five early-stage PD patients with both structural, diffusion MRI and DAT-SPECT data available were included at baseline (year 0) from Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative, with neuroimaging follow-up at year 1, 2, 4. Annual assessment of cognition was performed in 5 years. The relationships between brain-predicted age difference (PAD), free water (FW) in cortical and subcortical gray matter, and cognition were examined with linear regression and linear mixed-effects model. Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the relation between brain PAD and the risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred twenty-five PD patients with a mean (SD) chronological age of 60.99 (9.50) years and 82 (65.6%) were men. Brain PAD followed a non-linear progression pattern over time (P\u2009=\u2009.028). Brain PAD was differentially associated with FW in cortical and subcortical gray matter, with the most preferentially vulnerable regions identified as temporal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cholinergic basal forebrain. Baseline brain PAD was associated with cognitive deficits and the conversion to MCI during the 5-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that brain PAD offers potential in pinpointing regions most susceptible to accelerated brain aging and identifying patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease who are at an increased risk of converting to mild cognitive impairment.\u2003<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T16:16:07Z","timestamp":1749572167000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advanced brain aging, selective vulnerability in gray matter, and cognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengfei","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chentao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2125-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Radboud Institute for Medical research and Innovation and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siming","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qibing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaiyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University , 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