{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:25:15Z","timestamp":1760142315319,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beta Eta at-Large Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005225","name":"Social Security Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA U01AG009740","NIA R01AG073289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA U01AG009740","NIA R01AG073289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People aging with disability (PAwD) may experience distinct life course exposures that impact their aging trajectories, yet the extent to which these trajectories differ from those of the US general population remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of long-term disability on phenotypic and functional aging trajectories, and assess the role of key demographic and social determinants on those trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from the 2006-2020 waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used. Phenotypic aging was measured by the metabolic dysfunction risk score (MDRS) and functional aging was operationalized through limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Growth curve modeling was employed, adjusting for age, birth cohort, gender, race\/ethnicity, and educational attainment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 7234 were included in the analysis, comprising 873 PAwD and 6361 individuals from the general population. Results suggested pronounced disparities in phenotypic and functional aging trajectories between groups, with compounded vulnerabilities among marginalized subgroups. PAwD exhibited significantly higher MDRS and ADL\/IADL scores, with more rapid escalation over time, suggesting premature and accelerated aging. Racial\/ethnic minorities and individuals with lower education faced intersecting disadvantages in both domains. Woman aging with disability exhibited marginally greater MDRS than men. Cohort-disability interaction revealed that older PAwD cohorts experienced steeper functional decline, while younger cohorts showed accelerated metabolic dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings highlight the imperative for inclusive public policies that address structural inequalities, particularly educational and racial disparities. Implementing preventative, disability-informed rehabilitative interventions is also essential to promote aging equity among PAwD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T02:04:12Z","timestamp":1751162652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in phenotypic and functional aging trajectories among people aging with disability and the US general population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0237-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seeun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Molton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bratzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2016.12.016","article-title":"Identifying adults aging with disability using existing data: the case of the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"10","author":"Coyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027516681052","article-title":"Extending the promise of the older Americans act to persons aging with long-term disability","volume":"39","author":"Putnam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Aging."},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429465352","volume-title":"Handbook on Ageing with Disability","author":"Putnam","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429465352-3","volume-title":"Handbook on Ageing with Disability","author":"van Heumen","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2016.02.002","article-title":"Self-reported incidence and age of onset of chronic comorbid medical conditions in adults aging with long-term physical disability","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2016.06.003","article-title":"Adults aging \u201cwith\u201d and \u201cinto\u201d paralysis: epidemiological analyses of demography and health","volume":"9","author":"Dixon-Ibarra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429465352-1","volume-title":"Handbook on Ageing with Disability","author":"Putnam","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B8","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Ageing, Diversity and Equality","author":"Westwood","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gnaf121","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaf121","article-title":"Bridging the accountability gap between aging and disability research","volume":"65","author":"Putnam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"year":"2023","author":"National Institutes on Minority Health and Health Disparities","key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B10"},{"key":"2025101005113667800_glaf136-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gnaf079","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaf079","article-title":"Can we borrow your intervention? 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