{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:30:18Z","timestamp":1788841818145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 AG071730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG071730"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mobility decline often begins in midlife, and early identification of individuals at risk of accelerated deterioration can enable timely prevention. However, there is no validated self-report instrument that specifically assesses mobility in the middle-aged population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mobility in Middle-Age Questionnaire (MMQ) was developed through a 7-step Delphi process, consisting of 10 experts, involving item selection and content validation in both English and Hebrew, comprising 2 factors: (1) Current Mobility Ability and (2) 1-Year Mobility Change. Psychometric properties were assessed in 610 US and 594 Israeli middle-aged adults. Analyses included internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, structural and construct validity (using the 10-item Physical Functioning scale [PF-10] from SF-36), and floor\/ceiling effect assessments. A \u201cPotential Mobility Risk Zone\u201d was defined as the lowest 20% of MMQ scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MMQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u2009=\u2009.94 English; .92 Hebrew) and strong test\u2013retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient\u2009=\u20090.89-0.90). Exploratory factor analysis explained 66% of variance; confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit (Comparative Fit Index\u2009=\u20090.99, Tucker\u2013Lewis Index\u2009=\u20090.99, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual\u2009=\u20090.05). Construct validity was supported, with all pre-defined hypotheses confirmed. MMQ showed significantly lower ceiling effects than PF-10 (3.9% vs. 34.5% in United States; 0.17% vs 25.25% in Israel, p &amp;lt; .001, large effect sizes). A score of 50 (20th percentile) was proposed as a preliminary \u201cPotential Mobility Risk\u201d Threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MMQ is a reliable and valid tool for detecting early mobility decline in midlife. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm its predictive value and responsiveness to change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:04:30Z","timestamp":1758801870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and validation of the mobility in middle-age questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roee","family":"Hayek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University , Ariel,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie A","family":"Karvonen-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan F","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack M","family":"Guralnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Covinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, UCSF , San Francisco, California,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay R","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University , Ariel,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Azmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Ariel University , Ariel,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit","family":"Yogev-Seligmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa , Haifa,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Krautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Geriatrics and Extended Care , Washington, District of Columbia,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odelyah","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Ariel University , Ariel,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of School of Life and Health Sciences, Nursing Department, The Jerusalem College of Technology-Lev Academic Center , Jerusalem,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0870-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaniv","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University , Ariel,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Maccabi Healthcare Services, Department of Physical Therapy , Tel-Aviv,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-4137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca T","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Geriatrics and Extended Care Program, Corporal Michael J. 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