{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T01:22:44Z","timestamp":1786497764462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG029824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG029824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG062682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG062682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["334047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334047"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1081901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1081901"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1127060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1127060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hearing loss (HL) is common in older adults and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Although previous research has demonstrated a link between hearing impairment and depression, most studies have been cross-sectional or relied on a single baseline measure of hearing. To investigate the association between longitudinal, time-varying audiometric measures of hearing and incident depression in older adults. A secondary aim was to assess whether hearing aid use modifies this association over time in those with moderate to severe HL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 1260 participants who underwent pure-tone audiometry at baseline, 18\u2009months, and 36\u2009months. Depression was defined using the CES-D-10 scale, with a cut-score of \u22658. Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine the link between hearing status (normal, mild HL, moderate\/severe HL) and depression, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a median follow-up of 7.3\u2009years, participants with moderate to severe HL had a higher risk of incident depression (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) compared with participants with normal hearing. Hearing aid use (\u22656\u2009h self-reported use per day on average) in those with moderate to severe HL was associated with significantly reduced risk of incident depression (aHR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.87, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moderate to severe HL is a significant risk factor for incident depression among older adults. Hearing aid use attenuated this risk. Future research should investigate mechanistic pathways linking HL and mood disturbances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1762680449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between hearing impairment and incident depression in older adults: a longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm P","family":"Forbes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Barwon Health , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6404-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4011-7206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Lotfaliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Rance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn L","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlene","family":"Britt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1049-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J","family":"Mcneil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-6946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Barwon Health , Geelong, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010301364173800_glaf250-B1","author":"World Health Organisation. 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