{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:38:15Z","timestamp":1792100295768,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS131433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS131433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC), including attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, are associated with increased rates of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Such associations are unstudied in diverse populations and while controlling for a range of important covariates. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of ADRD and Parkinson\u2019s disease with NDCs in a diverse sample of adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case-control study used data from the United States All of Us Research Program 2018-2023 from approximately 600\u00a0000 adults in the United States. We matched on ADRD and Parkinson\u2019s disease status to examine the association of these conditions with NDCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NDC was more prevalent in ADRD cases than in non-ADRD controls (7.8% vs 2.4%) and among Parkinson\u2019s disease cases than non-Parkinson\u2019s disease controls (4.5% vs 1.8%). After adjustment for sex, age, education level, body mass index, cardiometabolic conditions, and psychiatric conditions, individuals with ADRD had significantly higher odds of having an NDC compared with controls (adjusted odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 2.40-2.99). Similarly, Parkinson\u2019s disease cases had 2.09 times the odds of having an NDC as non-Parkinson\u2019s disease controls (95% CI 1.66, 2.59) in adjusted models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the population of individuals with NDCs ages, and more older adults find themselves in the care of clinicians with expertise in ADRD and Parkinson\u2019s disease, it is imperative to understand the support needs of this population, and to provide targets for reducing ADRD prevalence in younger or middle adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T13:03:51Z","timestamp":1766149431000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of neurodevelopmental conditions with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias and Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica E","family":"Rast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.J. 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