{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:19:24Z","timestamp":1781162364698,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["K23 EY033438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 EY033438"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual impairment is a potential risk factor for depression and other outcomes in older adults. In population-based studies, vision can be measured using self-report or performance-based visual acuity, but epidemiologic associations often depend on which measure is used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Research Practice article, we illustrate the use of propensity scores to harmonize analyses of self-reported and performance-based vision in older adults. Using 2021 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; n\u2009=\u20092447), we measured associations between self-reported visual difficulty, distance visual impairment (logMAR &amp;gt;0.3), and depression. To harmonize self-reported and performance-based measures of vision, we modeled distance visual impairment as a function of self-reported vision and covariates and calculated exposure misclassification overlap weights. External validation was conducted using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported visual difficulty was associated with depression in NHATS (adjusted OR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.46-3.69), but distance visual impairment was not (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 0.99-2.01). After exposure misclassification overlap weighting, self-reported vision was no longer associated with depression, and results mirrored the association between distance visual impairment and depression (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 0.93-2.36). Similar findings were observed in CLSA and LASI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Associations between vision and depression in older adults differ according to how vision is measured. In studies that measure self-reported vision but not visual acuity, propensity score methods that leverage known relationships between the two can be used to approximate associations between reduced visual acuity and health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glag019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:11:39Z","timestamp":1769515899000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harmonization of self-reported and performance-based measures of vision using inverse probability weighting: an example using vision and depression in NHATS, CLSA, and LASI"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, 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