{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:07:23Z","timestamp":1780538843340,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019791","name":"Istanbul Medipol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disturbances and cognitive decline frequently coexist in older adults and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Aromatherapy has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological intervention; however, evidence from inhalation-based protocols integrating both subjective and objective sleep assessments remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a residential care facility in Istanbul between January and June 2024. Sixty participants aged \u226565\u2009years were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n\u2009=\u200930) or a control group (n\u2009=\u200930). The intervention consisted of inhaling a peppermint\u2013palmarosa blend in the morning and a nighttime blend of vetiver, cedarwood, clary sage, petitgrain, and grapefruit oils for 10\u2009minutes daily over 30\u2009days. Outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Blessed Orientation\u2013Memory\u2013Concentration Test, alongside objective sleep parameters obtained from Oppo Watch Free wearable smartwatches using photoplethysmography and accelerometer-based algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in total sleep time (d\u2009=\u20091.29), Rap\u00ecd Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration (d\u2009=\u20091.34), and deep sleep (N3) duration (d\u2009=\u20091.47), along with reduced sleep latency (d = \u20131.12) (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Daytime sleepiness decreased, and subjective sleep quality improved. Cognitive performance also improved, with significant gains observed in orientation, memory, and concentration, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A circadian-aligned, multicomponent inhalation aromatherapy protocol may represent a feasible and clinically relevant complementary intervention to improve sleep architecture and cognitive outcomes in older adults residing in residential care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT06208800<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glag105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:50:00Z","timestamp":1776430200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of inhaled aromatherapy on sleep quality and cognitive function in older adults: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e7im","family":"Ede Sar\u0131kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Kent University , Istanbul,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8300-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebahat","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University , Istanbul,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5885-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Kaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services\/Institute of Health Sciences, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Programme, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University , Istanbul,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe Arzu Say\u0131n","family":"\u015eakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B1","author":"Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B2","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.09.009","article-title":"Sleep and cognition in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Dzierzewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2018.01.008","article-title":"Sleep disorders in the elderly","volume":"34","author":"Yaremchuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.06.010","article-title":"Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7172","article-title":"Insomnia in the elderly: a review","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03267-6","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbances in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B8","first-page":"56","article-title":"Rational approach to the management of sleep disorders in the elderly","volume":"1","author":"Kizilarslanoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri J Geriatr Spec Top"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S380465","article-title":"Melatonin\u2019s benefits and risks as a therapy for sleep disturbances in the elderly: current insights","volume":"14","author":"Cardinali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B10","first-page":"490","article-title":"Sleep in the elderly","volume":"117","author":"Tatineny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4172","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in individuals with insomnia: clinical significance and correlates","volume":"37","author":"Fortier-Brochu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsw032","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw032","article-title":"Sleep, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Bubu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.02.005","article-title":"The tired hippocampus: the molecular impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal function","volume":"44","author":"Havekes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4380","article-title":"Cognitive aging: a report from the Institute of Medicine","volume":"313","author":"Blazer","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences","volume":"21","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad107","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad107","article-title":"Glymphatic function plays a protective role in ageing-related cognitive decline","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.004","article-title":"Sleep and human aging","volume":"94","author":"Mander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14070654","article-title":"The complex relationship between sleep and cognitive reserve in aging: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Balsamo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0251-3","article-title":"Sedative-hypnotic medicines and falls in community-dwelling older adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis from a US Medicare perspective","volume":"32","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.357","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons","volume":"169","author":"Woolcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24652","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024652","article-title":"A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems","volume":"100","author":"Cheong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093771","article-title":"The effects of essential oils on the nervous system: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Sattayakhom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6854","article-title":"Effects of essential oils on central nervous system: focus on mental health","volume":"35","author":"Lizarraga-Valderrama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2023.014","article-title":"Differences in neurotransmitters level as biomarker on sleep effects in dementia patients with insomnia after essential oils treatment","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B27","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000387","article-title":"The effect of aromatherapy on the sleep quality and fatigue levels of the elderly: a randomized controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Gen\u00e7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pract"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using GPower 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B30","first-page":"83","article-title":"Huzurevinde kalan ya\u015fl\u0131larda aromaterapi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n bili\u015fsel i\u015flevler ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz uykululu\u011funa etkisi","volume":"34","author":"Ayd\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2020","journal-title":"B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl Hem\u015firelik Uygulamas\u0131"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.512.797","article-title":"The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects","volume":"114","author":"Blessed","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.6.734","article-title":"Validation of a short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test of cognitive impairment","volume":"140","author":"Katzman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.0052021002601","article-title":"Comparison of two screening tests in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the correlation and reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the modified Blessed test","volume":"44","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001947","article-title":"Wearable sleep technology in clinical and research settings","volume":"51","author":"de Zambotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaa291","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa291","article-title":"Performance of seven consumer sleep-tracking devices compared with polysomnography","volume":"44","author":"Chinoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S438065","article-title":"Comparison of OPPO watch sleep analyzer and polysomnography for obstructive sleep apnea screening","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2013.0311","article-title":"A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep","volume":"20","author":"Lillehei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101533","article-title":"The effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on anxiety of cardiac patients in emergency department: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Soleimani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.04.038","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effect of Salvia sclarea is explained by modulation of dopamine activities in rats","volume":"130","author":"Seol","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20160208050736","article-title":"Modification of sleep\u2013waking and electroencephalogram induced by vetiver essential oil inhalation","volume":"5","author":"Cheaha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intercult Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2016.0061","article-title":"Aromatherapy improves work performance through balancing the autonomic nervous system","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B44","first-page":"379","article-title":"Autonomic responses during inhalation of natural fragrance of cedrol in humans","volume":"9","author":"Dayawansa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.06.005","article-title":"Olfactory stimulation with grapefruit and lavender oils changes autonomic nerve activity and physiological function","volume":"185","author":"Nagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.102992","article-title":"The effects of aromatherapy on sleep improvement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043989","article-title":"Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"17","author":"Bassol\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40688","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040688","article-title":"Effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61602","DOI":"10.5812\/modernc.61602","article-title":"The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender on sleep quality of the elderly in nursing care homes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Nasiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Care J"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450601042094","article-title":"Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang","volume":"118","author":"Moss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80171-x","article-title":"A pilot study on essential oil aroma stimulation for enhancing slow-wave EEG in sleeping brain","volume":"11","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762","article-title":"The memory function of sleep","volume":"11","author":"Diekelmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614556680","article-title":"Sleep, cognition and normal aging: integrating a half century of multidisciplinary research","volume":"10","author":"Scullin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122374","article-title":"Citrus essential oils in aromatherapy: therapeutic effects and mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000248","article-title":"The effect of aromatherapy on the sleep quality of elderly residents of nursing homes","volume":"32","author":"Faydal\u0131","year":"2018","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pract"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2021.11.002","article-title":"The effects of aroma essential oil inhalation on stress, pain, and sleep quality in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci)"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082414","article-title":"Aromas influencing the GABAergic system","volume":"27","author":"Hartley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2025.01.002","article-title":"The effect of inhaled aromatherapy on cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment","volume":"83","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200448","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1200448","article-title":"Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults","volume":"17","author":"Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026060321393747400_glag105-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38623.768588.47","article-title":"Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits","volume":"331","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag105\/68118741\/glag105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/6\/glag105\/68118741\/glag105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/6\/glag105\/68118741\/glag105.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:39:44Z","timestamp":1780537184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag105\/8659585"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joyce","family":"Siette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(Medical Sciences Section)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"article-number":"glag105"}}