{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1787261100973,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a self-perceived decline in cognition without objective impairment, may represent an intermediate stage before clinical cognitive impairment develops. Sleep disturbance and physical frailty may reflect broader aging-related vulnerability and contribute to further cognitive progression in SCD. This study examined individual associations of sleep disturbance and physical frailty with 10-year incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia among older adults with SCD and explored whether physical frailty moderated the associations between sleep disturbance and cognitive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were drawn from 6 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2010\u20132020). Independent analyses of sleep included 3014 individuals with SCD at baseline, and frailty analyses used a subsample of 1141 with frailty data. Sleep disturbance was assessed using a modified Jenkins Sleep Scale, and physical prefrailty\/frailty was defined by the Fried frailty phenotype. Incident cognitive impairment and dementia were identified using validated HRS cognitive cutoffs. Discrete-time survival models adjusted for socio-demographics and health-related covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disturbance was not independently associated with incident cognitive impairment or dementia in fully adjusted models. Baseline physical prefrailty\/frailty was significantly associated with increased odds of incident cognitive impairment (OR\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.80) and dementia (OR\u2009=\u20091.89, 95% CI: 1.23\u20132.93). Exploratory analyses suggested possible variation in the association between sleep disturbance and incident cognitive impairment by frailty status, but this finding should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical prefrailty\/frailty is a significant factor of cognitive impairment in older adults with SCD, while the effect of sleep disturbance may vary by frailty status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glag178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1783684378000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep disturbance, physical frailty, and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: a 10-year longitudinal 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