{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:45:04Z","timestamp":1786128304830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AG089856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG089856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AG083257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG083257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P50MD017356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50MD017356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor oral health is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but whether the associations differ by age at onset and are modified by genetic susceptibility remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort study of 364,231 dementia-free UK Biobank participants, we examined associations between oral health indicators and incident early- and late-onset dementia (EOD and LOD). Genetic susceptibility was assessed using polygenic risk score (PRS) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) \u03b54 status. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models evaluated independent and joint associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a median follow-up of 13.6\u2009years, 359 participants developed EOD and 6,668 developed LOD. Oral health indicators were not consistently associated with EOD. In contrast, painful gums (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09\u20131.40), toothache (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.33), denture use (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12\u20131.25), and a higher number of oral health conditions (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05\u20131.12) were consistently associated with increased LOD risk. Joint analyses demonstrated dose\u2013response patterns for LOD, with the highest risks among individuals with both poor oral health and elevated genetic susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor oral health was associated primarily with LOD, particularly among individuals with elevated genetic susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glag179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:52:56Z","timestamp":1783684376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential associations of oral health with early- and late-onset dementia: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1981-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University , New York, New York,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University , New York, New York,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huabin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4861-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruotong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University , New York, New York,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University , New York, New York,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Montclair State University School of Nursing, , Montclair, New Jersy,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Montclair State University College for Community Health, , Montclair, New Jersy,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Science, NYU Shanghai , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02356-x","article-title":"In global approaches to dementia research, do not forget care","volume":"29","author":"Monnet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01531-9","article-title":"Dissecting the clinical heterogeneity of early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Sirkis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.01.19","article-title":"Rate of early onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12695","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s global incidence of young-onset dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement.","author":"Hendriks","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01072.x","article-title":"Frequency of early and late-onset dementias in a Japanese memory disorders clinic","volume":"12","author":"Yokota","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022336","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v93i6.13279","article-title":"Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for early-onset dementia: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Bosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03275-w","article-title":"Global burden of young-onset dementia, from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"igaf087","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf087","article-title":"Psychosocial burdens in early- versus late-onset dementia: analysis of discrimination, stress, and loneliness in the All of Us Research Program","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: a global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00149-7","article-title":"Reflections on The Lancet\u2019s Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"405","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2024.12.004","article-title":"Association between periodontitis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Seyedmoalemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14036","article-title":"Association between oral health and cognitive status: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103052","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1103052","article-title":"Tooth loss and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.05.009","article-title":"Dose-response meta-analysis on tooth loss with the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"22","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17978","article-title":"Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"70","author":"Asher","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15320","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315320","article-title":"Is periodontitis associated with age-related cognitive impairment? the systematic review, confounders assessment and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"23","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad015","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad015","article-title":"The impact of study factors in the association of periodontal disease and cognitive disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Larvin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"igaf086","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf086","article-title":"Accelerated biological aging mediates the association between periodontal disease and cognitive function in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6728","DOI":"10.3390\/app15126728","article-title":"Oral health and cognitive decline: a systematic review of the periodontitis\u2013Alzheimer\u2019s connection","volume":"15","author":"Inchingolo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12327","article-title":"Periodontal disease as a possible cause for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Kamer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.038","article-title":"Periodontal disease associates with higher brain amyloid load in normal elderly","volume":"36","author":"Kamer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251336259","article-title":"Chronic gingivitis increases the risk of early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"105","author":"Mo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70306-9","article-title":"Early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the case of the missing APOE \u025b4 allele","volume":"10","author":"van der Flier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052612","article-title":"Recent aspects of Periodontitis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Cicho\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60630-3","article-title":"Genetics of dementia","volume":"383","author":"Loy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.168","article-title":"Role of genes and environments for explaining Alzheimer disease","volume":"63","author":"Gatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.056","article-title":"A quarter century of APOE and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: progress to date and the path forward","volume":"101","author":"Belloy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv268","article-title":"Common polygenic variation enhances risk prediction for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"138","author":"Escott-Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30412-9","article-title":"APOE and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"20","author":"Serrano-Pozo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9879","article-title":"Association of lifestyle and genetic risk with incidence of dementia","volume":"322","author":"Lourida","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160638","article-title":"Effects of tooth loss and the apolipoprotein E \u025b4 allele on mild memory impairment in the Fujiwara-kyo study of Japan: a nested case-control study","volume":"55","author":"Okamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509357881","article-title":"Tooth loss, apolipoprotein E, and decline in delayed word recall","volume":"89","author":"Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191283","article-title":"Apolipoprotein \u025b4 allele and dental occlusion deficiency as risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"74","author":"Popovac","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2298\/GENSR1602699P","article-title":"Difference in apolipoprotein E genotype distribution between dentate and edentulous elderly patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"48","author":"Popovac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02316-6","article-title":"Oral health, genetic susceptibility, and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70159-9","article-title":"The diagnosis of young-onset dementia","volume":"9","author":"Rossor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221176","article-title":"Poor oral health and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 425,183 participants","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf4428","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf4428","article-title":"Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank","volume":"16","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60404-8","article-title":"What makes UK Biobank special?","volume":"379","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0245-2","article-title":"The UK Biobank","volume":"15","author":"Rusk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e693","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00211-8","article-title":"Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with incident early-onset and late-onset dementia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01333-7","article-title":"Association of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet with risk of dementia according to social economic status: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"glaf046","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf046","article-title":"Roles of genetic predisposition and mediation of biological age acceleration in the association between air pollution and dementia","volume":"80","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00499-1","article-title":"Identifying dementia outcomes in UK Biobank: a validation study of primary care, hospital admissions and mortality data","volume":"34","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.162","article-title":"Mouth ulcers and other causes of orofacial soreness and pain","volume":"174","author":"Scully","year":"2001","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.16.22276246"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00628-z","article-title":"APOE \u03b54 genotype-dependent cerebrospinal fluid proteomic signatures in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Konijnenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01202-3","article-title":"Mediating and moderating effects of plasma proteomic biomarkers on the association between poor oral health problems and incident dementia: The UK Biobank study","volume":"46","author":"Beydoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400020341","article-title":"Deprivation","volume":"16","author":"Townsend","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Soc Pol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/em-2013-0005","article-title":"A tutorial on interaction","volume":"3","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Methods"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2006.10.009","article-title":"Test for additive interaction in proportional hazards models","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9554-9","article-title":"Estimating measures of interaction on an additive scale for preventive exposures","volume":"26","author":"Knol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112793","article-title":"Synergism and interaction: are they equivalent?","volume":"110","author":"Blot","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199605000-00012","article-title":"Confidence intervals for measures of interaction","volume":"7","author":"Assmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology.)"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft355","article-title":"When do we need competing risks methods for survival analysis in nephrology?","volume":"28","author":"Noordzij","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211043461","article-title":"Periodontitis and dementia: a bidirectional relationship?","volume":"101","author":"Harding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211037220","article-title":"Dementia and the risk of periodontitis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B63","author":"Therneau","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B64","author":"Gray","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B65","author":"Kim"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B66","author":"Alli B","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B67","author":"Gordon","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01585-x","article-title":"Identifying modifiable factors and their joint effect on dementia risk in the UK Biobank","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00398","article-title":"Exploring the association between Alzheimer\u2019s disease, oral health, microbial endocrinology and nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0104","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer disease: recent findings and potential therapies","volume":"91 Suppl 1","author":"Ryder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614826","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2026.2614826","article-title":"Association between dental flossing frequency and oral microbiome in US adults","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000687","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer disease and its variants","volume":"25","author":"Mendez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.011171","article-title":"Young onset dementia","volume":"80","author":"Sampson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2025.11.003","article-title":"Oral diseases as emerging risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a scoping review","volume":"61","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102649","article-title":"APOE4, Alzheimer\u2019s and periodontal disease: a scoping review","volume":"105","author":"Ar\u00e9valo-Caro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B77","author":"Collins","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.021","article-title":"A systematic review comparing clinical features in early age at onset and late age at onset late-life depression","volume":"150","author":"Grayson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080714063298700_glag179-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyae054","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae054","article-title":"Reweighting UK Biobank corrects for pervasive selection bias due to volunteering","volume":"53","author":"van Alten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag179\/68759125\/glag179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/9\/glag179\/68759125\/glag179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/9\/glag179\/68759125\/glag179.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T18:06:39Z","timestamp":1786125999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag179\/8732530"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joyce","family":"Siette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(Medical Sciences Section)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glag179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"article-number":"glag179"}}