{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:58:59Z","timestamp":1787799539774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T04:56:10Z","timestamp":1369112170000},"page":"323-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Racial Disparities in Olfactory Loss Among Older Adults in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69A","author":[{"given":"Jayant M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig Philip","family":"Schumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen E.","family":"Wroblewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha K.","family":"McClintock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr165","article-title":"The association between olfactory impairment and total mortality in older adults","volume":"67","author":"Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20966.x","article-title":"National Geographic Smell Survey. Effects of age are heterogenous","volume":"561","author":"Wysocki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200404000-00026","article-title":"Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the sk\u00f6vde population-based study","volume":"114","author":"Br\u00e4merson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2307","article-title":"Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults","volume":"288","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601026","article-title":"Taste and smell perception affect appetite and immunity in the elderly","volume":"54","author":"Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0006","volume-title":"Sensation & Perception","author":"Wolfe","year":"2008","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.3.317","article-title":"Hazardous events associated with impaired olfactory function","volume":"130","author":"Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10408399309527613","article-title":"The effects of aging on the human sense of smell and its relationship to food choice","volume":"33","author":"Wysocki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20967.x","article-title":"Uniformity of olfactory loss in aging","volume":"561","author":"Cain","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2003.10.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"3","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01826.x","article-title":"Olfaction and the 5-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an epidemiological study of older adults","volume":"56","author":"Schubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.802","article-title":"Olfactory identification and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in older age","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000103","article-title":"Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults","volume":"50","author":"Cornwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i119","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn017","article-title":"Assessment of smoking behaviors and alcohol use in the national social life, health, and aging project","volume":"64","author":"Drum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067423","article-title":"A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States","volume":"357","author":"Lindau","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1974","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular medication use among older adults in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Qato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.155","article-title":"Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in older adults: a national probability study","volume":"49","author":"Boesveldt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i76","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp048","article-title":"Assessment of sensory function in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project","volume":"64","author":"Schumm","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0019","volume-title":"Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda","author":"Bulatao","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr002","article-title":"Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0021","first-page":"1290; author reply 1290","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries","volume":"359","author":"De Vogli","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa050672","article-title":"Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly","volume":"353","author":"Jha","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1974","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular medication use among older adults in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Qato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i12","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp045","article-title":"Statistical design and estimation for the national social life, health, and aging project","volume":"64","author":"O\u2019Muircheartaigh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i20","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn013","article-title":"Instrument development, study design implementation, and survey conduct for the national social life, health, and aging project","volume":"64","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i76","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp048","article-title":"Assessment of sensory function in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project","volume":"64","author":"Schumm","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000121","article-title":"A new procedure for the short screening of olfactory function using five items from the \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d identification test kit","volume":"20","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x","article-title":"A Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients","volume":"23","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199601000-00006","article-title":"Can comorbidity be measured by questionnaire rather than medical record review?","volume":"34","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i30","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn020","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological health indicators in the national social life, health, and aging project","volume":"64","author":"Shiovitz-Ezra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","author":"Rubin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2307\/1402588","article-title":"On the variances of asymptotically normal estimators from complex surveys","volume":"51","author":"Binder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2307","article-title":"Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults","volume":"288","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13666.x","article-title":"Assessment of an abbreviated odorant identification task for children: a rapid screening device for schools and clinics","volume":"84","author":"Richman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0036","first-page":"E52","article-title":"Investigation of the disparity between New York City and national prevalence of nonspecific psychological distress among Hispanics","volume":"9","author":"Albrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2009.02.117","article-title":"Urban air pollution: influences on olfactory function and pathology in exposed children and young adults","volume":"62","author":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S649","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.131383","article-title":"Racial and socioeconomic disparities in residential proximity to polluting industrial facilities: evidence from the Americans\u2019 Changing Lives Study","volume":"99","author":"Mohai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027507311151","article-title":"Cumulative disadvantage and black-white disparities in life-course health trajectories","volume":"30","author":"Shuey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170510155727_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318211c6c9","article-title":"Diversity and disparity in dementia: the impact of ethnoracial differences in Alzheimer disease","volume":"25","author":"Chin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/69A\/3\/323\/16743805\/glt063.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T13:11:19Z","timestamp":1645103479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-535X","1079-5006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]}}}