{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:33:39Z","timestamp":1790184819024,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201200036C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201200036C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268200800007C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268200800007C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01 HC-55222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01 HC-55222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01HC85086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01HC85086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL080295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL080295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG023629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG023629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T03:06:57Z","timestamp":1507950417000},"page":"194-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Age, Race, and Gender Factors in Incident Disability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mini E","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Boston University, New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M","family":"Marron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C","family":"Odden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice M","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne B","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv157","article-title":"Leg and trunk impairments predict participation in life roles in older adults: results from Boston RISE","volume":"71","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02366.x","article-title":"Do muscle mass, muscle density, strength, and physical function similarly influence risk of hospitalization in older adults","volume":"57","author":"Cawthon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02078.x","article-title":"Self-reported functional status predicts change in level of care in independent living residents of a continuing care retirement community","volume":"40","author":"Falconer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.15.1187","article-title":"Importance of functional measures in predicting mortality among older hospitalized patients","volume":"279","author":"Inouye","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(91)90005-W","article-title":"The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu181","article-title":"Sarcopenia-related parameters and incident disability in older persons: results from the \u201cinvecchiare in Chianti\u201d study","volume":"70","author":"Cesari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.12.023","article-title":"Sleep complaints and incident disability in a community-based cohort study of older persons","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-162","article-title":"Perceived neighborhood safety and incident mobility disability among elders: the hazards of poverty","volume":"9","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.24.3137","article-title":"Recent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"288","author":"Freedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2018","article-title":"Association of long-distance corridor walk performance with mortality, cardiovascular disease, mobility limitation, and disability","volume":"295","author":"Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31820d9295","article-title":"Disability in the oldest-old: incidence and risk factors in the 90+ study","volume":"20","author":"Berlau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a000810","article-title":"Gender gap in longevity and disability in older persons","volume":"23","author":"Newman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S464","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009001500011","article-title":"Gender and incidence of functional disability in the elderly: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.11.011","article-title":"Comparisons between older men and women in the trajectory and burden of disability over the course of nearly 14 years","volume":"14","author":"Gill","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/55.1.S41","article-title":"Sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability in old age: the dynamics of incidence, recovery, and mortality","volume":"55","author":"Leveille","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111152298","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of chronic disability in the United States black and nonblack population above age 65 from 1982 to 1999","volume":"98","author":"Manton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264309338296","article-title":"Black-White disparities in disability among older Americans: further untangling the role of race and socioeconomic status","volume":"21","author":"Fuller-Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03401.x","article-title":"Black-white disparity in disability: the role of medical conditions","volume":"59","author":"Whitson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180315092244_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp127","article-title":"Total and cause-specific mortality in the cardiovascular health study","volume":"64","author":"Newman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/73\/2\/194\/24371790\/glx194.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T09:49:16Z","timestamp":1521107356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/73\/2\/194\/4553066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glx194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]}}}