{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:28:26Z","timestamp":1791721706971,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalization-associated functional decline is a common problem for older adults, but it is unclear how hospitalizations affect physical performance measures such as gait speed. We sought to determine hospitalization-associated change in gait speed and likelihood of new limitations in mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used longitudinal data over 5 years from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective cohort of black and white community-dwelling men and women, aged 70\u201379 years, who had no limitations in mobility (difficulty walking 1\/4 mile or climbing 10 steps) or ADLs (transferring, bathing, dressing, and eating) at baseline. Gait speed, and new self-reported limitations in mobility and ADLs were assessed annually. Selected participants (n = 2,963) had no limitations at the beginning of each 1-year interval. Hospitalizations were self-reported every 6 months and verified with medical record data. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine hospitalization-associated change in gait speed and odds of new limitations over each 1-year interval. Fully adjusted models included demographics, hospitalization within the past year, health conditions, symptoms, body mass index, and health-related behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In fully adjusted models, any hospitalization was associated with decrease in gait speed (\u22120.04 m\/s; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.05 to \u22120.03) and higher odds of new limitations in mobility or ADLs (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.70\u20132.28), and separately with increased odds of new mobility limitation (odds ratio = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.90\u20132.60) and new ADL limitations (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.53\u20132.21). Multiple hospitalizations within a year were associated with gait speed decline (\u22120.06 m\/s; 95% CI: \u22120.08 to \u22120.04) and greater odds of new limitations in mobility or ADLs (odds ratio = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.23\u20133.95).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functionally independent older adults experienced hospitalization-associated declines in gait speed and new limitations in mobility and ADLs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T08:41:36Z","timestamp":1549269696000},"page":"1657-1663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Hospitalization-Associated Change in Gait Speed and Risk of Functional Limitations for Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Duan-Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien N","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Ullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Langsetmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa S","family":"Strotmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Population Health and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2140-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent C","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Twin Cities"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J","family":"Santanasto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Population Health and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy M","family":"Cawthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne B","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Population Health and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M","family":"Simonsick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa M","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine E","family":"Ensrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Twin Cities"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Overview of Hospital Stays in the United States, 2012","author":"Weiss","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1224","article-title":"US health spending trends by age and gender: selected years 2002\u201310","volume":"33","author":"Lassman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440060067008","article-title":"Functional outcomes of acute medical illness and hospitalization in older persons","volume":"156","author":"Sager","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02023.x","article-title":"Recovery of activities of daily living in older adults after hospitalization for acute medical illness","volume":"56","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.7.888","article-title":"Hospitalization and development of dependence in activities of daily living in a cohort of disabled older women: the Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study I","volume":"60","author":"Boyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1556","article-title":"Hospitalization-associated disability: \u201cShe was probably able to ambulate, but I\u2019m not sure.\u201d","volume":"306","author":"Covinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03453.x","article-title":"Depression and functional recovery after a disabling hospitalization in older persons","volume":"59","author":"Barry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13319","article-title":"The role of intervening illnesses and injuries in prolonging the disabling process","volume":"63","author":"Gill","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00009","article-title":"Risk factors and precipitants of long-term disability in community mobility: a cohort study of older persons","volume":"156","author":"Gill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1568","article-title":"Change in disability after hospitalization or restricted activity in older persons","volume":"304","author":"Gill","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.17.2115","article-title":"Hospitalization, restricted activity, and the development of disability among older persons","volume":"292","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1212324","article-title":"Post-hospital syndrome \u2013 an acquired, transient condition of generalized risk","volume":"368","author":"Krumholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gerontol."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04787.x","article-title":"Characteristics of nondisabled older persons who perform poorly in objective tests of lower extremity function","volume":"48","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x","article-title":"Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people \u2013 results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","volume":"53","author":"Cesari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt175","article-title":"The prognostic value of repeated measures of lower extremity performance: should we measure more than once?","volume":"69","author":"Stenholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq167","article-title":"Predictive value of the short physical performance battery following hospitalization in older patients","volume":"66","author":"Volpato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2011.1215","article-title":"Prognostic significance of the short physical performance battery in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals","volume":"15","author":"Corsonello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000155728.42847.de","article-title":"Decline in physical performance among women with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke: opportunities for functional preservation a report of the Women\u2019s Estrogen Stroke Trial","volume":"36","author":"Kernan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.01.004","article-title":"Lower extremity performance measures predict long-term prognosis in older patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Chiarantini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14275","article-title":"Recovery of lower extremity performance after hip fracture depends on prefracture and postdischarge mobility: a subgroup analysis of a randomized rehabilitation trial","volume":"64","author":"Sipil\u00e4","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14487","article-title":"Effects of prefracture depressive illness and postfracture depressive symptoms on physical performance after hip fracture","volume":"64","author":"Rathbun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","article-title":"Gait speed and survival in older adults","volume":"305","author":"Studenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw066","article-title":"An evaluation of the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between gait speed and cognition in older women and men","volume":"71","author":"Best","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"185","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.3.266","article-title":"A prospective study of functional status among community elders","volume":"74","author":"Branch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1346","article-title":"Exploring the effect of depression on physical disability: longitudinal evidence from the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly","volume":"89","author":"Penninx","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","article-title":"Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)","volume":"10","author":"Andresen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"2011 Compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181caeb90","article-title":"To GEE or not to GEE: comparing population average and mixed models for estimating the associations between neighborhood risk factors and health","volume":"21","author":"Hubbard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2015.08.006","article-title":"Measurement of gait speed in older adults to identify complications associated with frailty: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Pamoukdjian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x","article-title":"Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults","volume":"54","author":"Perera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu033","article-title":"Are estimates of meaningful decline in mobility performance consistent among clinically important subgroups? (Health ABC Study)","volume":"69","author":"Perera","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14346","article-title":"Slow gait speed and risk of long-term nursing home residence in older women, adjusting for competing risk of mortality: results from the study of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"64","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x","article-title":"Physical performance measures in the clinical setting","volume":"51","author":"Studenski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.7.894","article-title":"Magnitude and patterns of decline in health and function in 1 year affect subsequent 5-year survival","volume":"60","author":"Perera","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01413.x","article-title":"Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults","volume":"55","author":"Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13095","article-title":"Assisted early mobility for hospitalized older veterans: preliminary data from the STRIDE program","volume":"62","author":"Hastings","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1870","article-title":"Comparison of posthospitalization function and community mobility in hospital mobility program and usual care patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.22.2623","article-title":"Geriatric care management for low-income seniors: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"298","author":"Counsell","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M644","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.10.M644","article-title":"Measuring higher level physical function in well-functioning older adults: expanding familiar approaches in the Health ABC Study","volume":"56","author":"Simonsick","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"2019091715401493500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03144.x","article-title":"Hospitalization and change in body composition and strength in a population-based cohort of older persons","volume":"58","author":"Alley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz027\/28571404\/glz027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article-pdf\/74\/10\/1657\/30022722\/glz027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T15:42:33Z","timestamp":1568734953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomedgerontology\/article\/74\/10\/1657\/5306322"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jay","family":"Magaziner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5006","1758-535X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5006","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-535X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]}}}