{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:29:14Z","timestamp":1790659754563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MH112683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MH112683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM113243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM113243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer Disease Research Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#AG005133-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#AG005133-28"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pittsburgh Regional Caregiving Survey"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017773","name":"Stern Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emily Kelly Roseburgh Memorial Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","award":["UL1TR000005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A lack of \u201cmorningness\u201d predicts greater depression symptom severity over time, including in a vulnerable group of older adults: family dementia caregivers (dCGs). Evidence regarding the neurobiological basis of these correlations is needed to guide future research towards biomarker-informed detection and prevention approaches. We therefore primarily aimed to identify simple resting-state biomarkers that correlated with a lack of \u201cmorningness\u201d in dCGs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined 54 dCGs (mean age = 70, range: 61\u201384; 70% female) of whom 40% were definite \u201cmorning types\u201d according to Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Using a 7 Tesla resting-state sequence, we compared the functional connectivity of nodes in networks previously implicated in depression (fronto-parietal, default mode, limbic, and salience) between caregivers who were and were not \u201cmorning types.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Correcting for voxel-wise comparisons, \u201cmorning-type\u201d dCGs had less amygdala\u2013posterior cingulate connectivity (Cohen\u2019s d = \u22121.3), which statistically mediated ~32% of the association between the degree of \u201cmorningness\u201d and lower depression severity. Post hoc analyses of CSM items found significant correlations, with both amygdala\u2013posterior cingulate FC and depression severity, for 4\/6 items pertaining to difficulty, 2\/5 items pertaining to preference, and 0\/2 items pertaining to typical patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prior research shows that amygdala\u2013posterior cingulate connectivity increases when allocating attention to peripheral aspects of negative emotional stimuli. As such, difficulty with morning activation may relate to the ongoing direction of focus around distressing content; in contrast, morning activity participation may serve to limit focus on distress. Replication and experimental studies are required to confirm these associations and their modifiability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T19:12:19Z","timestamp":1596222739000},"page":"1071-1076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Resting-State Function Connectivity Associated With Being a \u201cMorning-Type\u201d Dementia Caregiver and Having Lower Depression Symptom Severity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Stephen F","family":"Smagula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmet T","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 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