{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:00:23Z","timestamp":1780578023272,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG032947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG032947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG012846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG012846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG012846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG012846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23EY027848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23EY027848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23EY027849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23EY027849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterize the influence of visual difficulty on activity limitation trajectories in older U.S. adults and investigate whether this varied across racial\/ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from 8,077 participants in the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study from 2011 to 2019. Using mixed-effects regression models, we investigated the association of self-reported visual difficulty and race\/ethnicity with activity limitation trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher levels of visual difficulty and belonging to a minority racial\/ethnic group were associated with greater mobility, self-care, and household activity limitations. Visual difficulty was associated with mobility and self-care activity limitation trajectories, and race\/ethnicity was significantly associated with mobility and household activity limitation trajectories. Among those with the highest levels of visual difficulty, non-Hispanic Black participants experienced a faster rate of decline in self-care activities compared to non-Hispanic White participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Promoting optimal aging for all requires an understanding of the factors that influence disparities in key outcomes. Our study provides evidence from a diverse national sample that visual difficulty appears to disproportionately affect activity limitation trajectories among older adults from minority racial\/ethnic groups and particularly among non-Hispanic \u201cBlack individuals.\u201d Further research is needed to determine whether interventions to promote healthy vision may positively affect overall activity and independence and ameliorate disparities in late-life activity limitation trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbab238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T12:30:29Z","timestamp":1640694629000},"page":"S39-S50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Visual Difficulty, Race and Ethnicity, and Activity Limitation Trajectories Among Older Adults in the United States: Findings From the National Health and Aging Trends 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