{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:13:57Z","timestamp":1791623637807,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG054818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG054818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG057820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG057820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG053972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG053972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG024824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG024824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG009740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG009740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disability in the United States has not improved in recent decades. Comparing temporal trends in disability prevalence across different income groups, both within and between the United States and England, would inform public policy aimed at reducing disparities in disability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we estimated annual percent change from 2002 to 2016 in disability among community-dwelling adults (197,021 person-years of observations). Disability was defined based on self-report of limitations with 5 instrumental activities of daily living and 6 activities of daily living. We examined the trends by age and income quintile and adjusted for individual-level sociodemographic status and survey design.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The adjusted annual percent change (AAPC) in disability prevalence declined significantly in both countries for ages 75 and older during 2002\u20132016. For ages 55\u201364 and 65\u201374, disability prevalence was unchanged in the United States but declined in England. Both countries experienced a widening gap in disability between low- and high-income adults among the younger age groups. For example, for those ages 55\u201364 in each country, there was no significant improvement in disability for the low-income group but a significant improvement for the high-income group (AAPC = \u22123.60; 95% confidence interval [CI; \u22126.57, \u22120.63] for the United States; AAPC = \u22126.06; 95% CI [\u22128.77, \u22123.35] for England).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improvements in disability were more widespread in England than in the United States between 2002 and 2016. In both countries, the disparity in disability between low- and high-income adults widened for middle-aged adults. Policies targeted at preventing disability among low-income adults should be a priority in both countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T20:11:24Z","timestamp":1644264684000},"page":"S189-S198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differential Trends in Disability Among Rich and Poor Adults in the United States and England From 2002 to 2016"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-7679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HwaJung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F","family":"Schoeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Steptoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Chin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182411","article-title":"Why do Americans have shorter life expectancy and worse health than do people in other high-income countries?","volume":"35","author":"Avendano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2037","article-title":"Disease and disadvantage in the United States and in England","volume":"295","author":"Banks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0003","volume-title":"Harmonized ELSA F 2002-2016.pdf","author":"Beaumaster","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0004","volume-title":"RAND HRS longitudinal file 2018 (V1) Documentation","author":"Bugliari","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0005","volume-title":"Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism","author":"Case","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0006","volume-title":"Prevalence of disabilities and health care","author":"CDC","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12284","article-title":"Explaining disability trends in the U.S. elderly and near-elderly population","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4226","article-title":"The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001\u20132014","volume":"315","author":"Chetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0217","article-title":"Health of Americans who must work longer to reach social security retirement age","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0010","first-page":"e0164565","article-title":"Are functional and activity limitations becoming more prevalent among 55 to 69-year-olds in the United States?","volume-title":"PLoS One","author":"Choi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2802","article-title":"Comparison of health outcomes among high- and low-income adults aged 55 to 64 years in the US vs England","volume":"180","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7484","article-title":"Comparing health outcomes of privileged US Citizens with those of average residents of other developed countries","volume":"181","author":"Emanuel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-012-0167-z","article-title":"Trends in late-life activity limitations in the United States: An update from five national surveys","volume":"50","author":"Freedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213186","article-title":"Are self-reported health inequalities widening by income? An analysis of British pseudo birth cohorts born, 1920\u20131970","volume":"74","author":"Jivraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.4.497","article-title":"The development of a hierarchical polychotomous ADL-IADL scale for noninstitutionalized elders","volume":"30","author":"Kempen","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"issue":"19","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4329","article-title":"Association of household income with life expectancy and cause-specific mortality in Norway, 2005\u2013015","volume":"321","author":"Kinge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3903","article-title":"Wealth-associated disparities in death and disability in the United States and England","volume":"177","author":"Makaroun","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-016-0068-6","article-title":"Health impacts of the great recession: A critical review","volume":"3","author":"Margerison-Zilko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Epidemiology Reports"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m693","article-title":"Health equity in England: The Marmot review 10 years on","volume":"368","author":"Marmot","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2010.0003","article-title":"Trends in health of older adults in the United States: Past, present, future","volume":"47","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeoa.2017.08.002","article-title":"Adjusting for heterogeneous response thresholds in cross-country comparisons of self-reported health","volume":"10","author":"Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of the Economics of Ageing"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0022","author":"NatCen Social Research.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0023","volume-title":"High and rising mortality rates among working-age adults","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0024","volume-title":"Long-term care providers and services users in the United States, 2015\u20132016","author":"National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0025","article-title":"OECD data\u2014Inflation (CPI)","volume-title":"The OECD","author":"OECD","year":"."},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0026","volume-title":"Classifying educational programmes\u2014Manual for ISCED-97 implementation in OECD countries","author":"OECD","year":"1999"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0028","author":"Phillips","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26419\/ppi.00082.001","author":"Reinhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Valuing the invaluable: 2019 update: Charting a Path Forward"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0030","volume-title":"Mirror, Mirror 2021\u2014Reflecting poorly: Health care in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries","author":"Schneider","year":"2021"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igy023.1772","article-title":"National and state estimates of long-term care services users: 2016 National Study of Long-term Care Providers","volume":"2","author":"Sengupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innovation in Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","article-title":"Cohort profile: The Health and Retirement Study (HRS)","volume":"43","author":"Sonnega","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/53B.1.S46","article-title":"Combining activities of daily living with instrumental activities of daily living to measure functional disability","volume":"53B","author":"Spector","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00069-4","article-title":"Mental health and social interactions of older people with physical disabilities in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Steptoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06209-y","article-title":"Trends and disparities in functional impairment among US adults age 55\u201364, 2002 to 2016","volume":"36","author":"Tipirneni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90294-1","article-title":"The disablement process","volume":"38","author":"Verbrugge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0037","volume-title":"Medicaid home and community-based services enrollment and spending\u2014Issue brief\u20149294-02","author":"Watts","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0038","volume-title":"US health in international perspective: Shorter lives, poorer health","author":"Woolf","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0039","volume-title":"World Inequality Database (WID)","year":"."},{"key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.041","article-title":"Explaining the increasing disability prevalence among mid-life US adults, 2002 to 2016","volume":"211","author":"Zajacova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022053117523380900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz266","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in older people from England and the United States: A cross-national population-based study","volume":"75","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology: Series B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbac029\/42576609\/gbac029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/77\/Supplement_2\/S189\/43858601\/gbac029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/77\/Supplement_2\/S189\/43858601\/gbac029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T19:35:10Z","timestamp":1654025710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article\/77\/Supplement_2\/S189\/6534285"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbac029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5014","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]}}}