{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:23:40Z","timestamp":1791235420935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AG059145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AG059145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z\/18\/Z\/210479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z\/18\/Z\/210479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aging populations will increasingly need care, much of this provided informally particularly in rural areas and in low and middle-income countries. In rural South Africa, formal support is severely limited, and adult children are frequently unavailable due to morbidity, early mortality, employment, and migration. We describe how care is shared within and between households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted quantitative interviews with 1,012 household members and nonhousehold caregivers of 106 older adults (age \u226554) living with or at risk of cognitive decline in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. Using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, we described how care is shared, with particular attention to generational patterns of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spouses, the majority women, commonly considered themselves primary caregivers. informal care was spread among family, friends, and neighbors, most commonly by unemployed female relatives 1 or 2 generations younger than the recipient. A small number of paid caregivers, also mostly female, provided the most intensive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Informal care for older adults was spread widely, predominantly from coresident family but with important contributions from others. Family commitment to care reflected shared history, reciprocal relationships, and easy access to care tasks within the household. A deeper understanding of how informal care for older adults is shared is essential for developing targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T15:18:58Z","timestamp":1737645538000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Distribution of Informal Caregiving for Older Adults Living With or At Risk of Cognitive Decline Within and Beyond Family in Rural South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7140-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sostina S","family":"Matina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenore","family":"Manderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Brear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farirai","family":"Rusere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Xavier","family":"G\u00f3mez-Oliv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Harling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429020759-4","article-title":"Family and kin care of elders in sub-Saharan Africa","volume-title":"Health and care in old age in Africa","author":"Adamek","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012211065398","article-title":"Experiences and practices of caregiving for older persons living with dementia in African countries: A qualitative scoping review","volume":"21","author":"Adedeji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dementia (London, England)"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-023-09527-8","article-title":"Exploring older adults\u2019 perception of living in residential care facilities as an alternative care option: Tales from older adults in Southeastern Nigeria","volume":"49","author":"Agbawodikeizu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing International"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0004","author":"Agyemang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2020.1768459","article-title":"Intergenerational support between older adults and adult children in Nigeria: The role of reciprocity","volume":"63","author":"Akinrolie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontological Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027509348143","article-title":"The impact of AIDS on intergenerational support in South Africa: Evidence from the Cape Area Panel Study","volume":"32","author":"Ardington","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.2.490","article-title":"The effect of multiple roles on caregiver stress outcomes","volume":"91","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab250","article-title":"Cohort Profile Update: Cognition and dementia in the Health and Aging in Africa Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH community in South Africa (HAALSI dementia)","volume":"51","author":"Bassil","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2008.00640.x","article-title":"Tradition in transition\u2013intergenerational relations with focus on the aged and their family members in a South African context","volume":"23","author":"Bohman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4054\/demres.2022.47.3","article-title":"Extramarital fertility in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"47","author":"Bongaarts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Demographic Research"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116597","article-title":"Conceptualisations of \u201cgood care\u201d within informal caregiving networks for older people in rural South Africa","volume":"344","author":"Brear","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100-014-0350-y","article-title":"Herfindahl\u2013Hirschman index level of concentration values modification and analysis of their change","volume":"24","author":"Brezina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191092","article-title":"The prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/14034950701356401","article-title":"Migration, settlement change and health in post-apartheid South Africa: Triangulating health and demographic surveillance with national census data","volume":"35","author":"Collinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i162","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr048","article-title":"Assessment of cognition using surveys and neuropsychological assessment: The Health and Retirement Study and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study","volume":"66","author":"Crimmins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0016","first-page":"99","article-title":"The state of the right to health in rural South Africa","volume-title":"South African health review","author":"Gaede","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001101","article-title":"Development of algorithmic dementia ascertainment for racial\/ethnic disparities research in the US Health and Retirement Study","volume":"31","author":"Gianattasio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10590-6","article-title":"Internal migration and health in South Africa: determinants of healthcare utilisation in a young adult cohort","volume":"21","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06670-3","article-title":"The comorbidity of HIV, hypertension and diabetes: A qualitative study exploring the challenges faced by healthcare providers and patients in selected urban and rural health facilities where the ICDM model is implemented in South Africa","volume":"21","author":"Godongwana","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10590-6","article-title":"Regional and sex differences in the prevalence and awareness of hypertension: An H3Africa AWI-Gen study across 6 sites in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f3mez-Oliv\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx247","article-title":"Cohort Profile: Health and Ageing in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI)","volume":"47","author":"G\u00f3mez-Oliv\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0022","first-page":"16","article-title":"The epidemiological evidence: Prevalence, costs, incidence, mortality and risk factors","volume-title":"Dementia in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities","author":"Guerchet","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1138-7","article-title":"Longitudinal predictors of informal and formal caregiving time in community-dwelling dementia patients","volume":"51","author":"Hajek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby013","article-title":"Age and gender differences in social network composition and social support among older rural south Africans: findings from the HAALSI study","volume":"75","author":"Harling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2150-z","article-title":"The association between caregiver well-being and care provided to persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related disorders","volume":"9","author":"Hazzan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004269729_004","article-title":"\u2018Waithood\u2019: Youth transitions and social change","volume-title":"Development and equity: An interdisciplinary exploration by ten scholars from Africa, Asia and Latin America","author":"Honwana","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012231183358","article-title":"Dementia in South Africa: A situational analysis [article; early access]","volume":"23","author":"Jacobs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dementia (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12529","article-title":"Dynamics of union dissolution in subSaharan Africa","volume":"48","author":"John","year":"2022","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys115","article-title":"Profile: Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system","volume":"41","author":"Kahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615211036404","article-title":"Dementia caregiving in the Middle East and North Africa: A scoping review","volume":"58","author":"Kane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0885-1","article-title":"Dementia as a predictor of care-related quality of life in informal caregivers: A cross-sectional study to investigate differences in health-related outcomes between dementia and non-dementia caregivers","volume":"18","author":"Karg","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/0966369x.2018.1460328","article-title":"Gendered livelihoods and social change in post-apartheid South Africa","volume":"25","author":"Keahey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gender, Place & Culture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0632-2","article-title":"The impact of social activities, social networks, social support and social relationships on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2013.871379","article-title":"Caregiver burden among adults caring for orphaned children in rural South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Kidman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811473","article-title":"Social support for improved ART adherence and retention in care among older people living with HIV in Urban South Africa: A complex balance between disclosure and stigma","volume":"19","author":"Knight","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu111","article-title":"Caregiving networks\u2014Using a network approach to identify missed opportunities","volume":"70","author":"Koehly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnr073","article-title":"Caregiver confidence: Does it predict changes in disability among elderly home care recipients","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31818cd3be","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 help-seeking attitudes and treatment beliefs concerning mental health problems","volume":"16","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"69_suppl","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/14034950701355627","article-title":"Coping with change: Household structure and composition in rural South Africa, 1992\u20142003","volume":"35","author":"Madhavan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/21528586.2017.1288166","article-title":"Family in a changing South Africa: structures, functions and the welfare of members","volume":"48","author":"Makiwane","year":"2017","journal-title":"South African Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"220","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18078.1","article-title":"Protocol: the complexity of informal caregiving for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias in rural South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Manderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.2360","article-title":"Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race\/ethnic populations","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia : The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0043","volume-title":"Connected lives: Families, households, health and care in South Africa","author":"Mkhwanazi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0044","first-page":"187","article-title":"How do family caregivers of older people give up caregiving","volume":"3","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-020-00134-x","article-title":"Social media and mental health: benefits, risks, and opportunities for research and practice","volume":"5","author":"Naslund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0046","volume-title":"South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"National Department of Health (NDoH), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), and ICF","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0047","volume-title":"Female household headship and poverty in South Africa: an employment-based analysis","author":"Nwosu","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429020759-3","article-title":"Long-term care for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of existing models","volume-title":"Health and care in old age in Africa","author":"Nzima","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195750","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/195750","article-title":"Epidemiology of dementia among the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"2014","author":"Olayinka","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-575","article-title":"Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity\u2014A conceptual modification to the WHO ICCC model for countries in health transition","volume":"14","author":"Oni","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000460","article-title":"Multidimensional determinants of family caregiver burden in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0694-y","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of frailty in an older rural African population: findings from the HAALSI cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.18.2.250","article-title":"Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Pinquart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0054","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26419\/ppi.00086.001","volume-title":"Home alone: Family caregivers providing complex chronic care","author":"Reinhard","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.53555\/eijmhs.v5i1.63","article-title":"Analysis of health care resources concentration in Poland","volume":"5","author":"R\u00f3j","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPH-International Journal of Medical and Health Science"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26335565231182483","DOI":"10.1177\/26335565231182483","article-title":"Multimorbidity in South Africa: Is the health system ready","volume":"13","author":"Roomaney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0081246316638563","article-title":"Older people\u2019s experiences of giving and receiving empathy in relation to middle adolescents in rural South Africa","volume":"46","author":"Roos","year":"2016","journal-title":"South African Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-020-09412-w","article-title":"\u201cWe Never Graduate from Care Giving Roles\u201d; Cultural schemas for intergenerational care role among older adults in Tanzania","volume":"35","author":"Rutagumirwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027514545976","article-title":"Dependent or productive? A new approach to understanding the social positioning of older South Africans through living arrangements","volume":"37","author":"Schatz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx081","article-title":"Living arrangements, disability and gender of older adults among rural South Africa","volume":"73","author":"Schatz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1035664","article-title":"Gender, ageing and carework in East and Southern Africa: A review","volume":"10","author":"Schatz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"issue":"63","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.4054\/demres.2018.38.63","article-title":"Intergenerational care for and by children: Examining reciprocity through focus group interviews with older adults in rural Uganda","volume":"38","author":"Schatz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Demographic Research"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5175\/jswe.2008.773247702","article-title":"Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving","volume":"44","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.s3","article-title":"Reciprocity in parent\u2013child relations over the adult life course","volume":"57","author":"Silverstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909118787779","article-title":"Family caregivers\u2019 confidence caring for relatives in hospice care at home: An exploratory qualitative study","volume":"35","author":"Soroka","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0067","volume-title":"South Africa\u2019s education crisis: The quality of education in South Africa 1994-2011","author":"Spaull","year":"2013"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz065","article-title":"Change over time in caregiving networks for older adults with and without dementia","volume":"75","author":"Spillman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0069","volume-title":"Mbalo Brief 01\/2023)","author":"Statistics South Africa","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/15350770.2016.1195244","article-title":"Middle adolescents\u2019 motivations to care for older persons in an economically vulnerable community","volume":"14","author":"Stols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Intergenerational Relationships"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01256655","article-title":"Care and confidence","volume":"48","author":"Viinisalo","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-019-00918-x","article-title":"Social grants, remittances, and food security: Does the source of income matter","volume":"11","author":"Waidler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Security"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/0376835x.2020.1764335","article-title":"Household formation and service delivery in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from the Agincourt sub-district 1992\u20132012","volume":"37","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development Southern Africa"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025040714331567600_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.17.1946","article-title":"Health literacy and functional health status among older adults","volume":"165","author":"Wolf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf008\/61625374\/gbaf008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/80\/5\/gbaf008\/61625374\/gbaf008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/80\/5\/gbaf008\/61625374\/gbaf008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T13:19:34Z","timestamp":1744031974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf008\/7979189"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nekehia T","family":"Quashie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(Social Sciences Section)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf008","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.06.20.24309077","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5014","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"article-number":"gbaf008"}}