{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:34:34Z","timestamp":1788950074883,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disconnectedness from one\u2019s adult child(ren) can undermine older adults\u2019 well-being. However, the psychological consequences of disconnectedness may differ across marital contexts and by gender. Drawing on stress and normative violation frameworks, we examine the association between parent\u2013child disconnectedness and European older adults\u2019 depressive symptoms, and the extent to which these patterns differ by marital status (married, remarried, cohabiting, divorced, widowed, and never married) and gender.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used pooled data from 8 waves (2004\u20132022) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, n\u2005=\u2005216,469) and multivariable pooled ordinary least squares regression to evaluate whether marital status and gender moderate the association between disconnectedness and depressive symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, survey year, and contextual covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disconnectedness rates range from 1% among older adults in their first marriages to 13%\u201314% among divorced and remarried men and 17% among never-married men. Men have consistently higher rates of disconnectedness than women. Parent\u2013child disconnectedness is associated with heightened depressive symptoms in many marital and gender categories. However, moderation analyses show the strongest associations in marital contexts in which disconnectedness is rare (first marriage, especially among women). Disconnectedness also is associated with heightened depressive symptoms among widowed and divorced persons, yet has negligible effects among remarried persons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We discuss the implications of disconnectedness for older adults\u2019 socioemotional and caregiving needs. We encourage interventions that focus on engaging older adults\u2019 supportive familial or nonfamilial ties rather than reestablishing potentially distressing ties with a disconnected child.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T08:27:06Z","timestamp":1739780826000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Parent\u2013Child Disconnectedness and Older European Adults\u2019 Mental Health: Do Patterns Differ by Marital Status and Gender?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1906-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Jessee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8175-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Center for Innovation in Social Science, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109913495727","article-title":"The gendered experience of family estrangement in later life","volume":"28","author":"Agllias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Affilia"},{"key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.4054\/demres.2022.46.21","article-title":"\u2018Silver splits\u2019 in Europe: The role of grandchildren and other correlates","volume":"46","author":"Alderotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Demographic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpp004","article-title":"Modeling certainty with clustered data: A comparison of methods","volume":"17","author":"Arceneaux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Political Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12796","article-title":"Adult children\u2019s estrangement from parents in Germany","volume":"84","author":"Arr\u00e1nz Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472042000213695","article-title":"Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe","volume":"58","author":"Billari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12216","article-title":"Parents and children who are estranged in adulthood: A review and discussion of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Blake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Family Theory & Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051205421607100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu032","article-title":"\u201cHis\u201d and \u201cher\u201d marriage? 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