{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:50:36Z","timestamp":1791607836758,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["447\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["447\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research is needed about the role of families in relation to issues faced by middle-aged and older gay and lesbian adults, such as internalized homophobia and families of choice. This study examines how families of choice and families of origin shape experiences of internalized homophobia in midlife and older gay and lesbian adults, a population uniquely affected by the cumulative effects of societal stigma over the life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sampled 409 adults aged 50+ (range: 50\u201385) who self-identify as lesbian women or gay men. They answered a questionnaire about families of choice, families of origin, and internalized homophobia. Mediation models examined the role of families in the association of gender and internalized homophobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lesbian women reported lower internalized homophobia compared to gay men, and this was partially explained by their greater likelihood of citing spouses\/partners and children as close others. Friends in one\u2019s family of choice were not associated with gender or internalized homophobia. Men were more likely to cite close siblings, and this was related to lower internalized homophobia, although siblings did not mediate the association of gender and internalized homophobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher internalized homophobia of gay men in later life might be partially explained by being less likely to have a spouse\/partner and children, reflecting cumulative effects of lifelong discrimination and stigma. These findings could foster better interventions aimed at specific needs of aging men and women from sexual minorities, considering their life course experiences and social resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T07:13:29Z","timestamp":1740899609000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sexual Orientation and Internalized Homophobia of Middle Aged and Older Gay and Lesbian Adults: The Role of Social Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9623-1820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Cohn-Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Program, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigal","family":"Gooldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Israeli Institute for Gender and LGBTQ Studies , Tel-Aviv,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Meiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Program, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaacov G","family":"Bachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Program, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2022.101008","article-title":"Harnessing progress: Gender, sexuality, and positive self-perceptions of aging in midlife","volume":"61","author":"Barbee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Aging Studies"},{"issue":"1267","key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality\u2014An important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12415","article-title":"Sexual minority stress and same-sex relationship well-being: A meta-analysis of research prior to the U.S. nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage","volume":"79","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610223000558","article-title":"Employment over the life course and post-retirement social networks: A gendered perspective","volume":"36","author":"Cohn-Schwartz","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860120038366","article-title":"Aspects of mental health among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults","volume":"5","author":"D\u2019Augelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051205420706700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu057","article-title":"Changes in support networks in late middle age: The extension of gender and educational differences","volume":"70","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. 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