{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:29:35Z","timestamp":1767421775137,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/K005146\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/K005146\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government Departments"},{"name":"Institute for Social and Economic Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010046","name":"University of Essex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NatCen Social Research and Verian"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00022\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00022\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office","award":["SPHSU17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"ESRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/T002611\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T002611\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Growing numbers of older people living with disability or long-term conditions are being cared for by family members and friends on an informal, unpaid basis. \u201cHidden carers,\u201d who provide care to another person but either do not recognize their role or consciously reject it, are overlooked by policymakers and services that rely on self-identification.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compare reports of informal care provision and receipt between dyads of household members in Understanding Society to identify hidden (N\u2009=\u20095,615) vs. confirmed (N\u2009=\u20093,129) informal carers and explore their characteristics and well-being outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hidden carers tended to support someone with fewer limitations or difficulties, but were more likely to be in need\/in receipt of informal care themselves. Informal carers who were receiving formal care or caring for someone who had more contact with health and care professionals were more likely to identify their caring role; however, the same was not true for their own contact with health services. Compared with confirmed carers, hidden carers had better mental health and greater life satisfaction, and, among couples, were happier with their relationship with their partner for whom they cared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identification of informal carers is a priority for policymakers, but self-identification is complex, with potentially contradictory barriers. Focusing on caring activities rather than relying on self-identification may be a more acceptable means of identifying informal carers who are in need of support.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T07:52:12Z","timestamp":1751615532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with the identification and well-being of hidden and confirmed carers: a dyad analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Whitley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Benzeval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex , Colchester,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"year":"2001","author":"AARP","key":"2025081220385487700_gbaf129-B1"},{"key":"2025081220385487700_gbaf129-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-5890.12355","article-title":"A symposium on understanding society, the UK household longitudinal study: introduction","volume":"44","author":"Benzeval","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fiscal Studies"},{"key":"2025081220385487700_gbaf129-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e629","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny137","article-title":"The impact of informal caregiving for older adults on the health of various types of caregivers: a systematic 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