{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:19:46Z","timestamp":1780327186812,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AGO63200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AGO63200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Demography of Aging","award":["P30AG012846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG012846"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia caregivers are particularly vulnerable to loneliness. Grounded in the social convoy and stress process models, this study examined whether (a) dementia caregivers with fewer close friends experience higher levels of momentary loneliness; (b) daily friend interactions are linked to reduced momentary loneliness, and whether the quality and closeness of these interactions matter; and (c) whether the link between friend interaction and momentary loneliness varies between caregivers with high versus low caregiver burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 223 dementia caregivers (Meanage\u2009=\u200961.38, 78% female, 36% Black) from the Stress and Well-Being in the Everyday Lives of Caregivers Study. They completed a baseline interview assessing their demographics, social network, and caregiving characteristics, followed by a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA), reporting their social interactions and loneliness every 3 hr.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A greater number of close friends was associated with lower levels of momentary loneliness. Caregivers reported interactions with friends in 22% of EMA surveys. Multilevel linear models showed that caregivers experienced lower momentary loneliness when they interacted with friends, especially during positive interactions and with non-close friends, compared to when they did not. Furthermore, friend interactions were associated with lower momentary loneliness for caregivers with higher burden, but not for those with lower burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results highlight the need for interventions that foster friendships and encourage caregivers to schedule social interactions with friends to alleviate loneliness and enhance their well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T12:09:44Z","timestamp":1759320584000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Friendship and momentary loneliness in dementia caregiving: daily experiences of caregivers with high and low burden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yee To","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9471-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Turkelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Birditt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/147130120809328","article-title":"Personal losses and relationship quality in dementia caregiving","volume":"7","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt118","article-title":"The convoy model: Explaining social relations from a multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"54","author":"Antonucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652","article-title":"The Zarit Burden Interview: A new short version and screening version","volume":"41","author":"B\u00e9dard","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(03)00057-8","article-title":"Loneliness and depression in spousal caregivers of those with Alzheimer\u2019s disease versus non-caregiving spouses","volume":"17","author":"Beeson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"igz005","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igz005","article-title":"Friendship in later life: A research agenda","volume":"3","author":"Blieszner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Innovation in Aging"},{"key":"2026012723123053500_gbaf190-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7324a1","article-title":"Loneliness, lack of social and emotional support, and mental health issues\u2014United States, 2022","volume":"73","author":"Bruss","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR. 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