{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1789205874042,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG077529, P30AG021342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG077529, P30AG021342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Minnesota Life Course Center"},{"name":"Demography and Economics of Aging","award":["P30AG066613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066613"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG032947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG032947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neighborhood physical disorder has been linked to adverse health outcomes, but less is known about longitudinal patterns of disorder trajectories and their associations with biological markers. This study examined associations between neighborhood physical disorder trajectories and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in U.S. older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (n\u2009=\u20092,284, 2011\u20132017). Neighborhood physical disorder was assessed annually through interviewer observations over six years. Latent class analysis was used to identify exposure trajectory subgroups. Machine learning-based inverse probability weighted (IPW) regression models were conducted to estimate associations with five biomarkers, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified four subgroup trajectories: stable low exposure (85%), increased exposure (3%), decreased exposure (9%), and stable high exposure (3%). Regression models revealed significant associations with HbA1c and hsCRP. Compared to the stable low exposure group, older adults with increased exposure (b\u2009=\u20090.04, 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.08), decreased exposure (b\u2009=\u20090.02, 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.05), and stable high exposure (b\u2009=\u20090.10, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.17) exhibited higher levels of HbA1c. Only stable high exposure was associated with increased hsCRP (b\u2009=\u20090.25, 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.45). No significant associations were found for other biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residential environments play an important role in shaping the biological risk of aging. Incorporating routine screening for neighborhood environmental risks and implementing community-level interventions are pivotal in promoting healthy aging in place.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T13:02:54Z","timestamp":1764162174000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Uncovering the biological toll of neighborhood disorder trajectories: a machine learning based weighting analysis of biomarkers in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9876-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2590-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas K M","family":"Cudjoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter S","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.215","article-title":"Future directions in residential segregation and health research: A multilevel approach","volume":"93","author":"Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417235-7.00015-9","volume-title":"Handbook of aging and the social sciences (Eighth Edition)","author":"Aneshensel","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-1591(03)00048-5","article-title":"The inflammatory response is an integral part of the stress response: Implications for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome X","volume":"17","author":"Black","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.03.029","article-title":"An examination of processes linking perceived neighborhood disorder and obesity","volume":"67","author":"Burdette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.03.014","article-title":"Stress and health behaviors as potential mediators of the relationship between neighborhood quality and allostatic load","volume":"28","author":"Buschmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026071704565443700_gbaf242-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn041","article-title":"Neighborhood-level cohesion and disorder: Measurement and validation in two older adult urban populations","volume":"64","author":"Cagney","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. 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