{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:00:04Z","timestamp":1783548004387,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providing unpaid care to family or friends with health limitations has become an increasingly common, recurring, and prolonged part of adult life, yet most studies continue to examine it as a discrete, short-term, and one-time role. This study moves beyond that view by identifying caregiving patterns accumulated across the lifespan in the United States. It further examines how gender, race-ethnicity, and early-life socioeconomic status shape membership in these caregiving profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data come from 3,194 respondents aged 50 and older in the 2017 and 2019 Life History Mail Survey, a supplement to the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. Using latent class analysis, we identified distinct caregiving profiles based on four indicators: age at first caregiving onset, number of caregiving episodes, total caregiving years, and overlapping caregiving. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess sociodemographic predictors of profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four distinct profiles emerged: Compressed (50%; a single, short-term episode later in life), Early Enduring (22%; early onset with sustained involvement), Recurrent (17%; multiple sequential episodes), and Immersed (11%; prolonged and often overlapping caregiving). Women were disproportionately represented in the Recurrent and Immersed profiles, whereas men were more likely to be Compressed caregivers. Race-ethnicity and early-life socioeconomic status were not significant predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lifespan caregiving patterns in the United States are far from uniform. As demands on family caregivers continue to grow, identifying lifespan caregiving profiles offers a foundation for tailoring support to caregivers\u2019 diverse experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:42:59Z","timestamp":1765888979000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lifespan caregiving profiles in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janecca A","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["United 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