{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:43:31Z","timestamp":1786121011128,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the bidirectional relationships between social support (family vs. friend) and cognitive function among older Chinese adults, and whether these associations differ by source of support and by urban and rural settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from 3 waves (2014, 2016, and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (N\u2009=\u20092,700; mean age\u2009=\u200968). Dynamic panel models with fixed effects were applied to examine the reciprocal relationships between social support and cognitive function and determine whether these associations are moderated by hukou status (rural vs. urban).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the overall sample, higher levels of friend support but not family support predicted subsequent cognitive function. In contrast, influences from cognitive function on subsequent family or friend support were not detected. However, hukou status moderated these associations. Both family and friend support promoted enhanced cognitive function only among rural older adults. Conversely, cognitive function was positively associated with subsequent family support among urban older adults but negatively associated among rural older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results provide evidence for the social benefit and health selection mechanisms that operate in source-specific (family, friend) and context-specific (rural, urban) ways in China. These findings also indicate the need to consider the cultural norms and structural context when examining the bidirectionality of social support and cognitive function in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:46:49Z","timestamp":1782388009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bidirectional longitudinal associations of family\/friend social support with cognitive function in late life"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9125-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Health, Renmin University of China , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9099-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407504041386","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the impact of physical and cognitive decline on the personal network in old age","volume":"21","author":"Aartsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-019-09784-3","article-title":"Cognitive and structural social capital as predictors of quality of life for sub-Saharan African migrants in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Adedeji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Research in Quality of Life"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378023117710578","DOI":"10.1177\/2378023117710578","article-title":"Maximum likelihood for cross-lagged panel models with fixed effects","volume":"3","author":"Allison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114996","article-title":"The filial piety paradox: Receiving social support from children can be negatively associated with quality of life","volume":"303","author":"Ang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277-9536(00)00065-4","article-title":"From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium","volume":"51","author":"Berkman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn031","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of negative relationship quality across adulthood","volume":"64","author":"Birditt","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1081152","article-title":"Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: Comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity","volume":"21","author":"Bourassa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"key":"2026080622070212900_gbag114-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066x.54.3.165","article-title":"Taking time seriously. 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