{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:22:22Z","timestamp":1787444542043,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify distinct typologies of discrimination experiences and their association with depressive symptoms among older adults across racial\/ethnic groups and the potential moderating role of psychological resilience across racial\/ethnic backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 11,832 respondents (65% non-Hispanic White, 18% non-Hispanic Black, 13% Hispanic, and 4% Other) in the 2016\/2018 Health and Retirement Study Psychosocial Leave-Behind Questionnaire were analyzed. Six discrimination types (e.g., disrespect, poor service in restaurants, perceived as unintelligent) and a 12-item resilience index covering domains such as perseverance despite major setbacks, adaptability to change, and recognition of inner strengths were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latent class analysis identified three distinct typologies of discrimination experiences: (C1) Low discrimination\u2014low across all experiences, (C2) Microaggressions\u2014elevated probabilities of disrespect, poor service at restaurants, and being perceived as unintelligent, and (C3) Pervasive\/threatening discrimination\u2014high across all experiences, including being feared and harassed. Regression models showed that for non-Hispanic Whites, both C2 and C3 were associated with higher depressive symptoms; for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals, only C2 was linked with more depressive symptoms; for the Other category, only C3 was related to more depressive symptoms. Higher resilience was associated with fewer depressive symptoms across all groups but moderated the effects of C2 and C3 for non-Hispanic Whites and only C2 for Hispanic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight discrimination as a mental health risk factor for older Americans and suggest that psychological resilience may mitigate its impact, contingent on experience type and racial\/ethnic background. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:14:35Z","timestamp":1782915275000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discrimination and depressive symptoms: the role of psychological resilience across racial and ethnic groups"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1359-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Iowa , Iowa, 308 North Hall , Iowa City, Iowa, 52242,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7413-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University , 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor , Richmond, Virgina, 23284,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei-Wern","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, College of Health & Public Service, University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #311340 , Denton, Texas, 76203,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Iowa , Iowa, 308 North Hall , Iowa City, Iowa, 52242,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Gilster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Iowa , Iowa, 308 North Hall , Iowa City, Iowa, 52242,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082219515783800_gbag129-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000687","article-title":"Racial socialization and discrimination-related psychological distress in middle-aged Black men and women","volume":"93","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"2026082219515783800_gbag129-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1540415320921489","article-title":"Discrimination and Latino health: A systematic review of risk and resilience","volume":"19","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hispanic Health Care International: The Official Journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses"},{"key":"2026082219515783800_gbag129-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.000311","article-title":"Social stress: Theory and research","volume":"18","author":"Aneshensel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"2026082219515783800_gbag129-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146515583992","article-title":"Sociological inquiry into mental health: The legacy of Leonard I. 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