{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:55:44Z","timestamp":1791453344923,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99AG073473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99AG073473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AG073473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AG073473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG062477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG062477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More older Americans are cohabiting with a partner. However, it is unclear whether cohabitation serves as an alternative to marriage for meeting daily needs in later life. This study examines whether receipt of partner assistance and experience of unmet care needs differ by union status and gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data are from the 2012, 2016, and 2023 National Health and Aging Trends Study, including 4,283 community-dwelling older adults (aged 66+; 4,070 married, 213 cohabiting) who coreside with an opposite-sex partner and are in need of care. Outcomes include receipt of health-related assistance \u201ccare,\u201d receipt of non-health-related assistance \u201chelp,\u201d overall assistance hours, and unmet care needs. We estimate logistic and linear regression models by union status and assess differences for men vs. women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adjusted models, cohabitation is not associated with receipt of care or help but is associated with fewer hours of help (\u221224.13; p &amp;lt; .05). However, cohabitation associations differ by gender (p &amp;lt; .05) for unmet care needs, with greater risks conferred by cohabitation for women but not men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohabitation functions similarly to marriage among older adults who are in need of care, for both care and help received, but cohabitors receive fewer hours than spouses from their partners. Cohabiting women experience more adverse consequences related to unmet needs than married women, with a larger gender gap in unmet care needs among cohabiting couples than among married couples. Continued tracking of the impact of cohabitation as the U.S. population continues to age is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:54:24Z","timestamp":1783684464000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cohabitation and unmet care needs in later life"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Appalachian State University , Boone, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki A","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100805425432200_gbag136-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S187","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.4.S187","article-title":"Gender differences in spousal caregiving and unmet need for care","volume":"49","author":"Allen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"2026100805425432200_gbag136-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199711000-00005","article-title":"The prevalence and consequences of unmet need: Contrasts between older and younger adults with disability","volume":"35","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"2026100805425432200_gbag136-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.4.s204","article-title":"Measurement of need for assistance with daily activities: Quantifying the influence of gender roles","volume":"48","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"2026100805425432200_gbag136-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14547","article-title":"Family caregiver factors associated with unmet needs for care of older Adults","volume":"65","author":"Beach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"2026100805425432200_gbag136-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X18001320","article-title":"Spousal care-giving arrangements in Europe. 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