{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:08Z","timestamp":1792785908119,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Research and Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering","award":["2025-XBZD-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-XBZD-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z3yke57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by the Social ecological model (SEM), this study aimed to examine multilevel influences on social participation among community-dwelling older adults from the perspectives of older adults and community workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used. The quantitative component included 641 community-dwelling older adults from 5 communities in Beijing, China. The qualitative component involved semi-structured interviews with 18 older adults and 14 community workers. Findings were integrated through an SEM-guided joint display and triangulation protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age, cognitive impairment, impairment of activities of daily living, and poor self-rated health were associated with lower social participation, whereas higher educational attainment, social support, weekly exercise, and active community encouragement were associated with higher participation. Qualitative findings identified 10 subthemes, showing that participation was also linked to interest preferences, family and peer relationships, communication and mobilization, activity design, accessibility, resource support, and policy and institutional conditions. Integrated analysis showed the clearest convergence for health- and function-related influences, while qualitative findings clarified how social support and community encouragement operated in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social participation among community-dwelling older adults appears to be associated with interrelated factors across individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. Efforts to support participation in later life may benefit from addressing not only functional vulnerability but also the relational, organizational, and contextual conditions that makes participation feasible in community settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:37:25Z","timestamp":1787657845000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors shaping social participation among community-dwelling older adults in China: a mixed-methods study from the perspectives of older adults and community workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"IDEA Lab, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Health Vocational College , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEA Lab, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Peking University Health Science Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A JBI Centre of Excellence , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14316","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14316","article-title":"Late-life social activity and subsequent risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13551","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013551","article-title":"Do age-friendly community policy efforts matter in China? An analysis based on five-year developmental plan for population aging","volume":"19","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14040262","article-title":"Is formal social participation associated with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults? A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"14","author":"Cunha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305285708","article-title":"Developing and implementing a triangulation protocol for qualitative health research","volume":"16","author":"Farmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117","article-title":"Achieving integration in mixed methods designs: Principles and practices","volume":"48","author":"Fetters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000172958.95282.2A","article-title":"The AD8: A brief informant interview to detect dementia","volume":"65","author":"Galvin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1865","article-title":"Integrating quantitative and qualitative results in health science mixed methods research through joint displays","volume":"13","author":"Guetterman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-025-05882-w","article-title":"Towards ageing-in-place in China: The importance of neighbourhood outdoor spaces","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2010.04.002","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a generalized anxiety disorder scale in general hospital outpatients","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126058","article-title":"Is social participation associated with successful aging among older Canadians? Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)","volume":"20","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101723","article-title":"Sustainable age-friendly cities and communities in China: A scoping review and narrative assessment of national policies","volume":"64","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04127-2","article-title":"Social participation of older people in urban and rural areas: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.44.9.04","article-title":"Building the capacity of older adults and community: Findings from a developmental evaluation of United Way British Columbia\u2019s social prescribing programs for older adults","volume":"44","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04303-4","article-title":"Stakeholder perspectives on the preferred service ecosystem for senior citizens living at home: A qualitative interview study","volume":"23","author":"Kattouw","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.041","article-title":"Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities","volume":"71","author":"Levasseur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3760\/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1426.2012.10.011","article-title":"The reliability and validity of Chinese version of AD8","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei ke za Zhi"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05545-6","article-title":"The relationship and heterogeneity of family participation and social participation among older adults: From an intersectionality perspective","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2021.1974550","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 experiences of maintaining social participation: Creating opportunities and striving to adapt to changing situations","volume":"29","author":"L\u00f6fgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384405","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2024.2384405","article-title":"Fostering social participation among older adults: Perspectives of stakeholders","volume":"31","author":"L\u00f6fgren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401","article-title":"An ecological perspective on health promotion programs","volume":"15","author":"McLeroy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Education Quarterly"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3760\/j:issn:1006-7884.1999.01.013","article-title":"Reliability and validity of GDS and GHQ short form for the aged","volume":"32","author":"Mei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2022-0156","article-title":"Social supports and barriers for older adults not participating in group physical activity","volume":"45","author":"Morrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2007.007074","article-title":"The quality of mixed methods studies in health services research","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Cathain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25849-5","article-title":"An updated synthesis of environmental factors influencing mobility and social participation in older adults: Results from a scoping review","volume":"26","author":"Paulhus","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.13723\/j.yxysh.2024.03.015","article-title":"Development of social participation scale for older adults and assessment on reliability and validity in the context of healthy aging","volume":"37","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine and Society"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4780","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134780","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to older adults\u2019 engagement in social prescribing: A qualitative study using focus groups","volume":"14","author":"Sadio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.091","article-title":"Social participation and urban-rural disparity in mental health among older adults in China","volume":"274","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2530523","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.30523","article-title":"Social participation and depressive symptoms among older adults","volume":"8","author":"Takemura","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0436-0","article-title":"Discrepancies between qualitative and quantitative evaluation of randomised controlled trial results: Achieving clarity through mixed methods triangulation","volume":"11","author":"Tonkin-Crine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2020.1863890","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to social participation in older adults: A systematic literature review","volume":"44","author":"Townsend","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073960","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of the sense of safety and security of community-dwelling older adults: The case of the age-friendly city of The Hague","volume":"19","author":"van Hoof","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392900","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1392900","article-title":"The impact of intergenerational support on social participation patterns of older adults in rural China","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B36","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B37","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B38","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B39","first-page":"98","article-title":"The theoretical foundations and research applications of the Social Support Rating Scale","volume":"4","author":"Xiao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B40","first-page":"183","article-title":"The impact of social support on physical and mental health","volume":"1","author":"Xiao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B41","first-page":"744","article-title":"The effect of cognitive ability on depressive emotion in the elderly: The mediating role of activities of daily living","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of International Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105574","article-title":"Determinants of social participation among community-dwelling older adults: A mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"181","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Yesavage","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16344","article-title":"Social participation classification and activities in association with health outcomes among older adults: Results from a scoping review","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.060","article-title":"The impact of spouse health on social participation of older adults in China: Evidence from the CLHLS","volume":"324","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"2026093019520282200_gbag154-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.11847\/zgggws2011-27-07-12","article-title":"Evaluation on reliability and validity of Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag154\/70798226\/gbag154.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/10\/gbag154\/70798226\/gbag154.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article-pdf\/81\/10\/gbag154\/70798226\/gbag154.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:52:12Z","timestamp":1790812332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag154\/8771037"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kate","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(Social Sciences Section)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5014","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"article-number":"gbag154"}}