{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:53:00Z","timestamp":1790981580899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homebound status refers to needing assistance or an assistive device to leave home, being normally unable to leave home, or experiencing leaving home as a major effort. This study examines transitions into and out of homeboundness and whether family structure is associated with these transitions, with attention to gender differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using National Health and Aging Trends Study data from 2011\u20132024, transition probabilities across four states\u2014independent, homebound, nursing home residence, and deceased\u2014were estimated using an unadjusted continuous-time homogeneous Markov model. Multinomial logistic regression models then assessed associations between family structure and subsequent transitions, including gender interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among respondents who were independent, 84.6% remained independent, and 12.2% became homebound by the next wave. Among those who were homebound, 23.6% returned to independence, 60.1% remained homebound, 2.4% entered nursing home residence, and 13.9% died. Unpartnered older adults had higher risks of transitioning from independence to nursing home (RRR = 1.752, p &amp;lt;.01) and death (RRR = 1.265, p &amp;lt;.01). Parents had lower risks than childless older adults of transitioning from independence to nursing home (RRR = 0.523, p &amp;lt;.01) and death (RRR = 0.735, p &amp;lt;.01), and from homeboundness to nursing home (RRR = 0.574, p &amp;lt;.001). The association between being unpartnered and becoming homebound was significantly stronger among men than women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>: Homeboundness as a dynamic and socially structured process. Family structure may shape pathways into homeboundness, institutional care, and death, with implications for aging in place.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:50:14Z","timestamp":1790855414000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Family structure and transitions into and out of homeboundness: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, 2011\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University Department of Sociology, , San Marcos, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"container-title":["The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag206\/71575354\/gbag206.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag206\/71575354\/gbag206.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:57:38Z","timestamp":1790978258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/psychsocgerontology\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag206\/8860141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbag206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5014","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"article-number":"gbag206"}}