{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:16:38Z","timestamp":1789672598414,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":105,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-AG015281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AG015281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychiatric disorders impose significant personal, social, and financial costs for individuals, families, and the nation. Despite a large amount of research and several journals focused on psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of research on psychiatric disorders among Black Americans (i.e., African Americans and Black Caribbeans), particularly older Black Americans. The present literature review examines research on psychiatric disorders among older Black Americans and provides a broad overview of research findings that are based on nationally representative studies. Collectively, this research finds: (1) older African Americans have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than younger African Americans; (2) family support is not protective of psychiatric disorders, whereas negative interaction with family members is a risk factor; (3) everyday discrimination is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders; (4) both older African Americans and African American across the adult age range have lower prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders than non-Latino whites; (5) Black Caribbean men have particularly high rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts; and (6) a significant proportion of African American older adults with mental health disorders do not receive professional help. This literature review also discusses the \u201cRace Paradox\u201d in mental health, the Environmental Affordances Model, and the importance of investigating ethnicity differences among Black Americans. Future research directions address issues that are directly relevant to the Black American population and include the following: (1) understanding the impact of mass incarceration on the psychiatric disorders of prisoners\u2019 family members, (2) assessing the impact of immigration from African countries for ethnic diversity within the Black American population, (3) examining the impact of racial identity and racial socialization as potential protective factors for psychiatric morbidities, and (4) assessing racial diversity in life-course events and their impact on mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaa007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T07:45:39Z","timestamp":1586936739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Psychiatric Disorders Among Older Black Americans: Within- and Between-Group Differences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Robert Joseph","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Chatters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1337717","article-title":"A qualitative comparison of DSM depression criteria to language used by older church-going African-Americans","volume":"22","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health,"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1264","article-title":"Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England),"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0003","author":"Anderson","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0004","author":"Anderson","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2805","article-title":"Demographic correlates of DSM-IV major depressive disorder among older African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Hispanic Whites: Results from the National Survey of American Life","volume":"27","author":"Aranda","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,"},{"key":"2020041504252939300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1394-9","article-title":"Do racial patterns in psychological distress shed light on the Black\u2013White depression paradox? 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