{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T18:14:13Z","timestamp":1784225653437,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong SAR","award":["C7069-19GF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7069-19GF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the association of loneliness with depressive symptoms across various age groups. Loneliness is a significant risk factor for precipitating depressive symptoms. Rumination, a mechanism that underpins depression, can become intense when a person feels lonely. In addition, age is a major factor associated with changes in mental and physical health. Thus, the importance of rumination and age in moderating the loneliness\u2013depression link were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted during the acute phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Hong Kong (February 27 to March 17, 2020). A population-representative sample of 1,972 people (1,107 females; 18\u201392 years of age) was recruited and interviewed via telephone through random digit dialing. This sample included\u2009394 younger adults (18\u201330 years), 1,106 middle-aged adults (31\u201364 years), and 472 older adults (65 years or above). Respondents reported depressive symptoms, subjective loneliness, state rumination, and sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loneliness and rumination were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and they significantly interacted in predicting cognitive-affective symptoms. Further analysis of age showed that the interaction was significant only in middle-aged adults and older adults. Both rumination and age interacted with loneliness, respectively, in predicting cognitive-affective symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that the strength of the association between loneliness and the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression depends on rumination levels and age. An intervention to regulate rumination offers a feasible direction for health care and social care aimed at improving older adults\u2019 mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igab034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T18:21:19Z","timestamp":1630693279000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Age-Related Differences of Rumination on the Loneliness\u2013Depression Relationship: Evidence From a Population-Representative Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Horace","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatia M C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021110517110906100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19556","DOI":"10.2196\/19556","article-title":"The impact of social media on panic 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