{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:31:18Z","timestamp":1791491478164,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["LRGS\/1\/2019\/UM\/01\/1\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LRGS\/1\/2019\/UM\/01\/1\/1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["LR005-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR005-2019"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["GOV-000047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOV-000047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aimed to summarize the association between cognitive frailty (presence of frailty and cognitive impairment) and the risk of disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), mobility, or other functional disabilities among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2001 to May 14, 2022, for observational studies that reported cognitive frailty among community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and above. Results were narratively synthesized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven studies encompassing 44 798 participants were included, with a prevalence of cognitive frailty ranging from 1.4% to 39.3%. Individuals with cognitive frailty were more likely to develop disabilities in ADL and IADL compared to robust (absence of frailty and cognitive impairment) individuals. Significant disability burden and elevated risk of combined ADL\/IADL disability or physical limitation among participants with cognitive frailty were reported. There was limited evidence on the association between cognitive frailty and mobility disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with cognitive frailty were likely at higher risk of developing functional disability and incurring higher disability burden than robust individuals, but evidence remains limited for those with prefrailty with cognitive impairment. Further research on this gap and standardization of cognitive frailty assessments would facilitate comparisons across populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42021232222<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igad005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T09:50:41Z","timestamp":1674467441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Cognitive Frailty and Functional Disability Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kar Foong","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Lee","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia"},{"name":"Gerontechnology Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun Wen Huey","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia"},{"name":"Gerontechnology Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"10206","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15683","article-title":"Assessing risk for adverse outcomes in older adults: the need to include both physical frailty and cognition","volume":"67","author":"Aliberti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.015","article-title":"cognitive frailty and adverse health outcomes: findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies (SLAS)","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.10.1089","article-title":"Frailty among community-dwelling elderly people in France: the three-city study","volume":"63","author":"Avila-Funes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2009.09.005","article-title":"Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older people","volume":"58","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.731","article-title":"Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm","volume":"62","author":"Bergman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0068-x","article-title":"Burden of frailty in the elderly population: perspectives for a public health challenge","volume":"73","author":"Buckinx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.01.003","article-title":"Increasing use of cognitive measures in the operational definition of frailty\u2014a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023031510255155900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0367-2","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A.\/I.A.G.G.) 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