{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:44:07Z","timestamp":1791963847736,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AG066856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AG066856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is critical to use validated instruments to diagnose and manage chewing and swallowing problems of persons living with dementia. The study aimed to synthesize the characteristics and psychometric quality of instruments that assess the chewing and swallowing abilities of persons living with dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The systematic review was used to conduct this study. We searched 5 electric databases for records published from January 1, 1980, to July 8, 2022. Records were eligible if they included any instrument to assess chewing ability or swallowing ability in the dementia population. Eight characteristics of eligible instruments were extracted from the records: (1) development process, (2) operationalized concept\/construct, (3) sample and setting, (4) administration method, (5) items, (6) scoring format\/interpretation, (7) reliability, and (8) validity. The psychometric assessment for self-report and observational tool was used to evaluate 12 psychometric properties of eligible instruments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 11,074 records were reviewed. Thirty-five eligible instruments, including observational tools, self-report questionnaires, and physiological instruments, were identified from 60 records. All 8 instruments assessing chewing ability were evaluated as having low psychometric quality, and only 3 out of 27 instruments assessing swallowing ability were evaluated as having moderate psychometric quality. Fifteen instruments were tested for only 1 type of psychometric property, limiting the overall evaluation of psychometric evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study findings inform the use and adaptation of appropriate instruments for practice and research. All existing instruments warrant further validation in larger samples to expand use in diverse care settings. This review described and evaluated current instruments measuring chewing and swallowing abilities and potential use in research and clinical practice to plan for and evaluate the effectiveness of mealtime and oral care practice and reduce health-related negative outcomes of persons living with dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igad052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T10:38:18Z","timestamp":1686998298000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chewing and Swallowing Abilities of Persons Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties of Instruments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7043-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuri","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0001","article-title":"2022 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"19","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer\u2019s Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-20-00234","article-title":"Objective and subjective clinical swallowing outcomes via telehealth: Reliability in outpatient clinical practice","volume":"30","author":"Borders","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.07.010","article-title":"Mastication and oral health\u2013related quality of life in removable denture wearers with Alzheimer disease","volume":"119","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01752-z","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of dysphagia among nursing home residents in eastern China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0005","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"DeVellis","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14036","article-title":"Prognostic factors of 90-day mortality in older people with healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Ebihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790071501","article-title":"Biting and chewing in overdentures, full dentures, and natural dentitions","volume":"79","author":"Fontijn-Tekamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.3252.2418","article-title":"Evaluation of dysphagia risk, nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly patients with Alzheimer\u2019s","volume":"22","author":"Goes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2020.1718629","article-title":"Use Omega rather than Cronbach\u2019s alpha for estimating reliability. But\u2026","volume":"14","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199408030-00004","article-title":"Swallowing in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Horner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103969","article-title":"Association between simple evaluation of eating and swallowing function and mortality among patients with advanced dementia in nursing homes: 1-Year prospective cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Hoshino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1316","article-title":"Early deficits in cortical control of swallowing in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Humbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab178","article-title":"Psychometric properties of instruments measuring dyadic communication and environment in dementia care: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0014","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of the dyadic communication observational coding scheme in DEmentia care (DCODE): Family dyadic communication in dementia","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103403","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms lead to biases in self-evaluated masticatory performance among community-dwelling older Japanese adults: The Tsurugaya Project","volume":"99","author":"Komiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.1.58","article-title":"Dysphagia in patients with frontotemporal lobar Dementia","volume":"64","author":"Langmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9204-x","article-title":"Answering orientation questions and following single-step verbal commands: Effect on aspiration status","volume":"24","author":"Leder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14548","article-title":"Ease of use, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia (CUED) mealtime video-coding scheme","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14667","article-title":"Dyadic interactions and physical and social environment in dementia mealtime care: A systematic review of instruments","volume":"1505","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103824","article-title":"Mealtime caregiving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors for persons living with dementia: A systematic review of psychometric properties of instruments","volume":"114","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000144","article-title":"Thanks coefficient alpha, we\u2019ll take it from here","volume":"23","author":"McNeish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219538","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219538","article-title":"The association between eating difficulties and biliary sludge in the gallbladder in older adults with advanced dementia, at end of life","volume":"14","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.07.299","article-title":"Corrigendum to: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"International journal of surgery (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4","article-title":"COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Mokkink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S69750","article-title":"Effects on caregiver burden of a donepezil hydrochloride dosage increase to 10 mg\/day in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2014","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10350-z","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of swallowing function and physiology in patients living with DEmentia","volume":"37","author":"Namasivayam-MacDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics4010013","article-title":"Quantifying airway invasion and pharyngeal residue in patients with dementia","volume":"4","author":"Namasivayam-MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1664","article-title":"Timing of dysphagia screening in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"44","author":"\u00d6zs\u00fcrekci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041996","article-title":"More teeth and posterior balanced occlusion are a key determinant for cognitive function in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20131220-08","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the standardized swallowing assessment among nursing home residents","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontological Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2013.02.014","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of dysphagia in nursing home residents","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12385","article-title":"High nutrition risk is associated with higher risk of dysphagia in advanced age adults newly admitted to hospital","volume":"75","author":"Popman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition & Dietetics"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3","article-title":"COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"27","author":"Prinsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/818979","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia and its nutritional and respiratory complications in the elderly","volume":"2011","author":"Rofes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Research and Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.03.020","article-title":"Dysphagia in Dementia: Influence of Dementia severity and food texture on the prevalence of aspiration and latency to swallow in hospitalized geriatric patients","volume":"16","author":"R\u00f6sler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0036","first-page":"750","article-title":"A very light lunch: Interoceptive deficits and food aversion at onset in a case of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"10","author":"Salvato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12131","article-title":"Detecting signs of dysphagia in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease with oral feeding in daily life","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/ejo.ejo_98_18","article-title":"Oropharyngeal dysphagia profile in early versus late stage dementia","volume":"35","author":"Sheikhany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12453","article-title":"Association between mastication-related factors and the prevalence of dementia in Korean elderly women visiting senior centres","volume":"37","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1382-8","article-title":"Signs for early detection of dysphagia in older adults with severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1988.tb03203.x","article-title":"The university of North Carolina caries risk assessment Study I: Rationale and content","volume":"48","author":"Stamm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9127-y","article-title":"Clinical utility of the 3-ounce Water Swallow Test","volume":"23","author":"Suiter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"20","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16204040","article-title":"Impaired eating and swallowing function in older adults in the community: The Kurihara project","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12469","article-title":"Oral health and cognitive status in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project: A cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older Australian men","volume":"37","author":"Takehara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9695-9","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal Dysphagia in stroke, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, head injury, and pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Takizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","article-title":"Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires","volume":"60","author":"Terwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0","article-title":"COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: A Delphi study","volume":"27","author":"Terwee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.483933","article-title":"Dysphagia bedside screening for acute-stroke patients: The gugging swallowing screen","volume":"38","author":"Trapl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00307","article-title":"Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values: Foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice","volume":"5","author":"Trevethan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0050","volume-title":"Measurement in nursing and health research","author":"Waltz","year":"2017","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-19-00147","article-title":"Validation of the Yale Swallow Protocol in post-acute care: A prospective, double-blind, multirater study","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12283","article-title":"Oral mixing ability and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"42","author":"Weijenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S303197","article-title":"How do changes in oral health and chewing efficiency affect the changes of oral-health-related quality of life of nursing-home residents in the short term?","volume":"16","author":"Zenth\u00f6fer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Interventions in Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112637","article-title":"Measurement of physician-patient communication\u2014A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Zill","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091306484123300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-6-3","article-title":"Pain in elderly people with severe dementia: A systematic review of behavioural pain assessment tools","volume":"6","author":"Zwakhalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"}],"container-title":["Innovation in Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geroni\/igad052\/50633348\/igad052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/igad052\/51537532\/igad052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/igad052\/51537532\/igad052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:01:00Z","timestamp":1702627260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/geroni\/igad052\/7199891"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amanda N","family":"Leggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igad052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-5300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-5300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"article-number":"igad052"}}