{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:02:18Z","timestamp":1791511338630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AARG-NTF-21-851241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-NTF-21-851241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multidimensional poverty is associated with dementia. We aimed at establishing this association in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan, between March 30, 2002, and August 22, 2022, among adults aged 50 and older. Multidimensional poverty measures were composed of 6 dimensions and 15 indicators. Poverty was compared between adults with and without dementia using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, adjusting for sex, age, marital status, and household size. Associations between dementia and poverty were investigated using a multivariate logistic regression model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that 594 (72.7%), 171 (20.9%), and 52 (6.4%) had no, mild, and moderate-to-severe dementia, respectively. More women than men had dementia (11.4% vs 2.9%). Approximately 40.4% of adults with dementia were found to be deprived in 4 or more dimensions compared to 8.9% without dementia, and the difference in multidimensional poverty between them was 348.6%. Education, health, living conditions, and psychological well-being were the main contributors to poverty. Poverty in 4 or more dimensions was strongly associated with dementia (odds ratio [OR], 5.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07\u201312.16) after adjusting for sex, marital status, age, and household size, with greater odds for older women (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.41\u20132.90).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that early improvement in social determinants of health through targeted structural policies may prevent dementia later in life. Improving access to free, quality education, health care including mental health care and basic living standards, and employment should reduce the collective risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igae007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:11:18Z","timestamp":1706832678000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is Multidimensional Poverty Associated to Dementia Risk? The Case of Older Adults in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Trani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"},{"name":"National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Adelphi University , Garden City, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soobin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh M","family":"Babulal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0001","first-page":"476","article-title":"Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement","volume-title":"Journal of Public Economics","author":"Alkire","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199689491.001.0001","volume-title":"Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis","author":"Alkire","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Concepts of human development and poverty: A multidimensional perspective","author":"Anand","year":"1997","journal-title":"In: Poverty and human development: human development papers"},{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0004","first-page":"51","article-title":"Multidimensional deprivation: Contrasting social welfare and counting approaches","volume-title":"Journal of Economic Inequality","author":"Atkinson","year":"2003"},{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0005","first-page":"2593","article-title":"The complex relationship between depression and progression to incident cognitive impairment across race and ethnicity","volume-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","author":"Babulal","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024030914194297600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79832-3_13","article-title":"Unemployment and vulnerability: A class of distribution sensitive measures, its axiomatic properties, and applications","volume-title":"Rational choice and social welfare. 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