{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1791597693917,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":143,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award","award":["DE210100582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE210100582"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature indicates an association between social isolation and substance use. Though related, social withdrawal is a construct that has received less attention. Given that prescription drugs are commonly misused by older adults, this paper contributes to the literature by examining the association between social withdrawal and prescription opioid misuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We use data from 2009 to 2022 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, focusing on respondents 50+ (N = 111,386; 54.8% female; 74.1% non-Hispanic White). Social withdrawal is measured with 3 items from the WHO Disability Assessment Scale, individually and as a scale, capturing the level of social withdrawal severity experienced when going out of the home, dealing with strangers, and participating in social activities. Our outcome is past-year prescription opioid misuse. Logistic regression models consider the association between these 2 measures. Models account for underlying mental health alongside additional covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of social withdrawal and prescription opioid misuse remained relatively constant across observation years. A significant association exists between social withdrawal and past-year prescription opioid misuse. We find increasing odds of past-year prescription opioid misuse across social withdrawal severity levels. Severe social withdrawal across measures is associated with 1.59 (95% CI = 1.28, 1.98) to 2.1 (95% CI = 1.74, 2.48) times higher odds of past-year prescription opioid misuse relative to no social withdrawal. Predicted probabilities of misuse are 1% among those with no social withdrawal, but 6% among those experiencing severe social withdrawal. A nonsignificant interaction shows this relationship is consistent across years. These estimates are robust to numerous controls and alternative specifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescription opioid misuse is associated with social withdrawal. Social withdrawal is bound up with, and yet independent of, mental and physical health. Addressing the social causes of social withdrawal, as well as mental and physical health, could advance addressing opioid misuse among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T07:33:22Z","timestamp":1747035202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Social Withdrawal and Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Older Adults in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Sociology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038510369368","article-title":"Pharmaceuticalization of society in context: Theoretical, empirical and health dimensions","volume":"44","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114276","article-title":"Social networks, support, and health: Taking the next step forward","volume":"123","author":"Berkman","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277-9536(00)00065-4","article-title":"From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new 12 millennium","volume":"51","author":"Berkman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15020262","article-title":"Prescription opioid misuse, abuse, and treatment in the United States: An update","volume":"173","author":"Brady","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2021.07.004","article-title":"Abuse\/misuse of prescription medications in older adults","volume":"38","author":"Bulut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1995.1005","article-title":"Individual differences in preference for solitude","volume":"29","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"10119","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30142-9","article-title":"The growing problem of loneliness","volume":"391","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab116","article-title":"Socioemotional selectivity theory: The role of perceived endings in human motivation","volume":"61","author":"Carstensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0013","first-page":"22","article-title":"Prescription drug misuse\/abuse in the elderly","volume":"63","author":"Culberson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606632.027","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships","author":"de Jong-Gierveld","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025070110012964600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2008.01114.x","article-title":"Pharma in the bedroom... and the kitchen.... 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