{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:14:16Z","timestamp":1782947656599,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["P30 AG073105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG073105"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["U01 AG066833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG066833"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["U01 AG068057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG068057"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["U19 AG074879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AG074879"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01 AG071470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG071470"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG046139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG046139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG046170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG046170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG061357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG061357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG061356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG061356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG061359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG061359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG067025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG067025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rush Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center"},{"name":"Rush University Medical Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG10161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG10161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG15819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG15819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG17917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG17917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG30146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG30146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG36836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG36836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG32984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG32984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG46152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG46152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004888","name":"Illinois Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017803","name":"Translational Genomics Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) are expected to affect over 100 million people by 2050, placing a significant strain on public health systems. Social determinants of health (SDoH), which include factors such as socioeconomic conditions and environment, play a crucial role in AD risk. Despite growing evidence, the understanding of SDoH\u2019s impact on AD remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study leverages large language models and knowledge graphs (KGs) to extract AD-related SDoH knowledge from literature and electronic health records (EHR). We integrate this knowledge into biological research on AD through KG construction and graph deep learning, performing KG-link predictions validated by multimodal biological data from single-cell RNA-seq and proteomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated an SDoH knowledge graph with around 92k triplets, integrating literature and EHR data. In various link prediction experiments, we observed higher accuracy when integrating SDoH into knowledge graphs. Additionally, exploratory predictions uncovered potential SDoH-gene interactions, many of which were validated through differential expression analysis using proteomics and RNA-seq data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This novel KG-based analysis enhances link prediction in AD-related biomedical networks by integrating SDoH and biological knowledge. Our findings highlight the potential interaction between social determinants and biological factors in AD, offering insights into more personalized and socially aware healthcare interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:28:48Z","timestamp":1758540528000},"page":"S2-S13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A novel computational analysis integrating social determinants information from EHR and literature with Alzheimer\u2019s disease biological knowledge through large language models and knowledge graphs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7147-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianqi","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9712-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhua","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8588-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8581-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mamourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7199-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3894-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojian","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9809-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4496-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy","family":"Duong-Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, United States Naval Academy , Annapolis, Maryland,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason H","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Biomedicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center , West Hollywood, California,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marylyn D","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Nichols","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B2","author":"Dementia","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70156-9","article-title":"Neuropathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with distinct clinical characteristics: a retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2019.85929","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009058","article-title":"Biological subtypes of \u00adAlzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B6","author":"Social determinants of health"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.05.005","article-title":"Effect of social determinants of health on cognition and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias","volume":"43","author":"Majoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20240618-05","article-title":"Social determinants of health for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias","volume":"54","author":"Joshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Magnan","year":"2017","DOI":"10.31478\/201710c"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00940-4","article-title":"Is Alzheimer disease a disease?","volume":"20","author":"Korczyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.05.006","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors in Alzheimer disease and related dementias: a review","volume":"43","author":"Litke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100654","article-title":"What does (low) education mean in terms of dementia risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting inconsistency in measuring and operationalising education","volume":"12","author":"Maccora","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSM\u2014Popul Health."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02689-7","article-title":"Effect of food insecurity on the cognitive problems among elderly in India","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.81","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 prospective studies","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2023.101061","article-title":"The impact of loneliness and social isolation on the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"69","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01266","article-title":"Upstream with a small paddle: how ACOs are working against the current to meet patients\u2019 social needs","volume":"39","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B17","first-page":"940","article-title":"Discovering associations between social determinants and health outcomes: merging knowledge graphs from literature and electronic health data","volume":"2021","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab170","article-title":"Extracting social determinants of health from electronic health records using natural language processing: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Patra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101356","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and other large language models for social determinants of health: current state and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Ong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14210","article-title":"Natural language processing to identify social determinants of health in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementia from electronic health records","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103984","article-title":"Classifying social determinants of health from unstructured electronic health records using deep learning-based natural language processing","volume":"127","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00970-0","article-title":"Large language models to identify social determinants of health in electronic health records","volume":"7","author":"Guevara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Digit Med."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI200684","article-title":"Exploring the social drivers of health during a pandemic: leveraging knowledge graphs and population trends in COVID-19","volume":"275","author":"Bettencourt-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B24","author":"Shang","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2023.104464","article-title":"Graph embedding-based link prediction for literature-based discovery in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"145","author":"Pu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B26","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04934-1","article-title":"Mining on Alzheimer\u2019s diseases related knowledge graph to identity potential AD-related semantic triples for drug repurposing","volume":"23","author":"Nian","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Yang","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.03.601339"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10497","DOI":"10.3390\/app131810497","article-title":"A knowledge graph framework for dementia research data","volume":"13","author":"Tim\u00f3n-Reina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46777","DOI":"10.2196\/46777","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s knowledge base: a knowledge graph for Alzheimer disease research","volume":"26","author":"Romano","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-01960-3","article-title":"Building a knowledge graph to enable precision medicine","volume":"10","author":"Chandak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","DOI":"10.13026\/C2XW26"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Seifar","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.22.590547"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0815-6","article-title":"Large-scale proteomic analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain and cerebrospinal fluid reveals early changes in energy metabolism associated with microglia and astrocyte activation","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1002\/cphg.105","article-title":"The AD knowledge portal: a repository for multi-omic data on Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging","volume":"108","author":"Greenwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Hum Genet."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5034","author":"Neumann","year":"2019"},{"issue":"W1","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W540","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae235","article-title":"PubTator 3.0: an AI-powered literature resource for unlocking biomedical knowledge","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"90001","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267D","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh061","article-title":"The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology","volume":"32","author":"Bodenreider","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vbae099","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbae099","article-title":"Current and future directions in network biology","volume":"4","author":"Zitnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinforma Adv"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.38","article-title":"Network propagation: a universal amplifier of genetic associations","volume":"18","author":"Cowen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa008","article-title":"Heterogeneous networks integration for disease-gene prioritization with node kernels","volume":"36","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinforma Oxf Engl."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05451-5","article-title":"A knowledge graph approach to predict and interpret disease-causing gene interactions","volume":"24","author":"Renaux","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B43","author":"Kipf","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B44","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Bordes","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B45","author":"Trouillon","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101409","article-title":"The role of the immune system in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"issue":"D1","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"glaf020","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf020","article-title":"Discussing the interplay of social determinants of health, aging and Alzheimer\u2019s biomarkers in U.S. Latinos","author":"Martinez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13027","article-title":"The structural and social determinants of Alzheimer\u2019s disease related dementias","volume":"19","author":"Adkins-Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217392","article-title":"The human brain somatostatin interactome: SST binds selectively to P-type family ATPases","volume":"14","author":"Solarski","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5788","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/288279a0","article-title":"Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer senile dementa","volume":"288","author":"Davies","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"4710","key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2861661","article-title":"Reduced numbers of somatostatin receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"229","author":"Beal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1206","article-title":"Somatostatin regulates brain amyloid beta peptide Abeta42 through modulation of proteolytic degradation","volume":"11","author":"Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01246","article-title":"Quantifying health systems\u2019 investment in social determinants of health, by sector, 2017-19","volume":"39","author":"Horwitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff Proj Hope."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz132","article-title":"Health informatics and health equity: improving our reach and impact","volume":"26","author":"Veinot","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc JAMIA."},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00074","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators of enrolling underrepresented populations in clinical trials and biobanking","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025122615572473100_igaf102-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz682","article-title":"BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."}],"container-title":["Innovation in Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geroni\/igaf102\/64372260\/igaf102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article-pdf\/9\/Supplement_1\/S2\/64372260\/igaf102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article-pdf\/9\/Supplement_1\/S2\/64372260\/igaf102.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T20:57:28Z","timestamp":1766782648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/innovateage\/article\/9\/Supplement_1\/S2\/8262848"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Abadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igaf102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-5300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-5300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]}}}